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Formación para la juventud en reducción de decisiones impulsivas (IDRT-Y) para promover la toma de decisiones

Zachary W Adams^1,2, Brigid R Marriott^3,4, Peter R Finn⁵

¹Adolescent Behavioral Health Research Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 W. 10th St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. zwadams@iu.edu.

Child psychiatry and human development

|August 25, 2025

Resumen

Este estudio adaptó el entrenamiento de reducción de decisiones impulsivas para jóvenes (IDRT-Y) para mejorar la toma de decisiones de los adolescentes y reducir los comportamientos de riesgo. El ensayo piloto mostró que IDRT-Y era factible, aceptable y mejoraba la toma de decisiones y los resultados del comportamiento en los jóvenes.

Área de la Ciencia:

Psicología
Desarrollo del adolescente
Ciencias del comportamiento

Sus antecedentes:

Los sesgos de decisión en la juventud están relacionados con comportamientos disruptivos y riesgosos.
Pocas intervenciones se dirigen directamente a los procesos de toma de decisiones de los adolescentes.
La orientación de la toma de decisiones puede promover resultados adaptativos en los adolescentes.

Objetivo del estudio:

Adaptar y poner a prueba la intervención de formación para la juventud en materia de reducción de decisiones impulsivas (IDRT-Y).
Evaluar la viabilidad, aceptabilidad y eficacia preliminar de la IDRT-Y en adolescentes con conductas de riesgo.
Evaluar el impacto de IDRT-Y en las tendencias de toma de decisiones y los resultados del comportamiento.

Principales métodos:

Un ensayo piloto abierto que involucra a 26 jóvenes (de 10 a 17 años) con comportamientos de riesgo frecuentes y perjudiciales.
Asignación aleatoria a una intervención inmediata (n=13) o a una lista de espera de 12 semanas (n=13).
Ocho sesiones semanales individuales de IDRT-Y con visitas del cuidador, seguidas de evaluaciones previas y posteriores a la intervención.

Principales resultados:

Alta finalización del programa (85%) y calificaciones de aceptabilidad de los jóvenes y los cuidadores.
Mejoras significativas en la orientación futura reportada por los jóvenes (p<0,05).
Mejoras significativas en el funcionamiento ejecutivo reportado por el cuidador (p<0,01), reducción de comportamientos de riesgo (p<0,05) y síntomas de externalización (p<0,001).

Conclusiones:

IDRT-Y es una intervención factible y aceptable para los adolescentes con comportamientos de riesgo.
La intervención es prometedora para mejorar los procesos de toma de decisiones y los resultados del comportamiento.
Se necesita más investigación para confirmar la eficacia en poblaciones más grandes y diversas.

Palabras clave:

Terapia cognitivo-conductual La toma de decisiones Pensamiento episódico del futuro Impulsividad Comportamiento arriesgado

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