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Renuncia en mujeres trabajadoras con cáncer de mama y ginecológico
Masahiro Iwakura1, Kengo Nagashima2, Kisho Shimizu3
1Department of Environmental Health Science and Public Health, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
JAMA network open
|August 25, 2025
Resumen
Las mujeres trabajadoras diagnosticadas con cáncer de mama o ginecológico corren un mayor riesgo de resignación. La edad avanzada, los bajos ingresos y los antecedentes de depresión aumentan aún más este riesgo, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad de un apoyo específico.
Área de la Ciencia:
- En el campo de la oncología
- Salud pública
- Salud en el trabajo
Sus antecedentes:
- El diagnóstico de cáncer puede tener un impacto significativo en el empleo, sin embargo, los riesgos específicos de la renuncia entre las mujeres que trabajan siguen siendo insuficientemente investigados.
- Comprender los factores que contribuyen a la renuncia es crucial para desarrollar sistemas de apoyo efectivos para los pacientes con cáncer en la fuerza laboral.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre un diagnóstico de cáncer de mama o ginecológico y la posterior renuncia en mujeres trabajadoras.
- Identificar subpoblaciones específicas de mujeres con mayor riesgo de resignación después de un diagnóstico de cáncer.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio de cohorte emparejado utilizó datos de la Asociación de Seguros de Salud de Japón desde abril de 2017 hasta marzo de 2023.
- Las mujeres de 15 a 58 años diagnosticadas con cáncer de mama, de cuello uterino o de ovario se compararon 1:10 con mujeres trabajadoras libres de cáncer.
- La renuncia y un compuesto de renuncia/muerte se evaluaron durante un seguimiento de dos años utilizando modelos estratificados de riesgos proporcionales de Cox.
Principales resultados:
- Las mujeres diagnosticadas con cáncer de mama, de cuello uterino o de ovario presentaron tasas de resignación por todas las causas significativamente más altas en comparación con los controles.
- Los ratios de riesgo para la renuncia oscilaron entre 1,18 para el cáncer de mama y 1,44 para el cáncer de ovario.
- Se observó un mayor riesgo de renuncia en mujeres con mayor edad, ingresos más bajos y antecedentes de depresión en todas las cohortes de cáncer.
Conclusiones:
- Los diagnósticos de cáncer de mama y ginecológico están asociados con un mayor riesgo de renuncia entre las mujeres que trabajan en Japón.
- Se recomiendan intervenciones de apoyo específicas para las mujeres con alto riesgo de resignación, especialmente aquellas con mayor edad, ingresos más bajos o antecedentes de depresión.
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