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Evaluación algorítmica de riesgos y pruebas de expertos
1Emeritus Professor, Melbourne Law School, University of Melbourne. The author would like to thank Andrew Simon-Butler for his research assistance.
Journal of law and medicine
|August 25, 2025
Resumen
Las herramientas de evaluación de riesgos forenses ayudan a las decisiones legales, pero los algoritmos propietarios plantean preocupaciones éticas y legales. El juicio profesional estructurado equilibra las herramientas con la experiencia clínica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología Forense
- Medicina legal
- Criminología
Sus antecedentes:
- La evaluación de riesgos es crucial en contextos jurídicos, en particular en el ámbito del derecho penal.
- Los psicólogos forenses y psiquiatras evalúan el riesgo de actividad criminal futura.
- Las herramientas utilizadas incluyen escalas de predicción de riesgos estadísticos o actuariales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Resaltar las cuestiones éticas y legales en la evaluación forense de riesgos.
- Discutir las implicaciones de los algoritmos de evaluación de riesgos patentados.
- Examinar el énfasis actual en el juicio profesional estructurado.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de las prácticas actuales en la evaluación forense de riesgos.
- Análisis de los enfoques de juicio profesional estructurado.
- Examen de los desafíos éticos y jurídicos planteados por las herramientas privadas de evaluación de riesgos.
Principales resultados:
- Las herramientas de evaluación de riesgos son parte integrante de los procedimientos judiciales.
- El juicio profesional estructurado integra los datos actuariales con la experiencia clínica.
- Los algoritmos no revelados en las herramientas de evaluación de riesgos crean importantes dilemas éticos y legales.
Conclusiones:
- El uso de algoritmos de evaluación de riesgos opacos por parte de empresas privadas plantea desafíos éticos y legales.
- El equilibrio entre los datos actuariales, el juicio clínico y la transparencia es esencial para una aplicación legal justa.
- Es necesario proseguir el debate sobre la regulación y la transparencia de las herramientas forenses de evaluación de riesgos.
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