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Aclimatación temprana a gran altitud: Dinámica del equilibrio ácido-base y fluido durante los primeros 2 días a 3100

Elisabeth Skalla^1,2, Benedikt Treml¹, Sasa Rajsic¹

¹Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.

Experimental physiology

|August 25, 2025

Resumen

La exposición a gran altitud desencadena una hiperventilación y una diuresis inmediatas. La compensación renal para la alcalosis respiratoria, que implica la reducción de bicarbonato, se hace evidente después de 44 horas a 3100 m.

Área de la Ciencia:

Fisiología
Medicina de altitud
Fisiología renal

Sus antecedentes:

La hipoxia a gran altitud causa hiperventilación y alcalosis respiratoria.
La alcalosis afecta el pH del líquido cefalorraquídeo y el control ventilatorio.
Los riñones compensan metabólicamente la alcalosis respiratoria, pero la línea de tiempo no está clara.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar los ajustes iniciales en el equilibrio ácido-base y fluido durante las primeras 48 horas a gran altitud.
Determinar la secuencia y cronología de los procesos compensatorios renales en respuesta a la hipoxia aguda.

Principales métodos:

Doce adultos no aclimatados fueron expuestos a 3100 m.s.l.
Se tomaron medidas del equilibrio de fluidos, del equilibrio ácido-base y de los gases sanguíneos arteriales antes y 24/44 horas después de la llegada.

Principales resultados:

La exposición indujo hiperventilación inmediata, hipocapnia y alcalosis.
La diuresis de altitud comenzó inmediatamente después de la llegada.
Una ligera reducción de bicarbonato plasmático se produjo en 24 horas, con reducciones significativas y cambios en el pH observados en 44 horas.

Conclusiones:

La hiperventilación y la diuresis son respuestas inmediatas a la gran altitud.
La excreción renal compensatoria de bicarbonato comienza a influir en el pH arterial alrededor de las 44 horas.
Las diferencias individuales de aclimatación requieren más investigación.

Palabras clave:

Aclimatación el bicarbonato reactividad renal

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