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¿Es la cara humana un biomarcador de la salud? - Una revisión del alcance
Weronika M Obrochta1,2, Magdalena Klimek1, Paula Bartecka1,2
1Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
PloS one
|August 25, 2025
Resumen
Los rasgos faciales no son biomarcadores confiables para la salud. Esta revisión encontró evidencia mixta que vincula la simetría facial, el promedio y el dimorfismo sexual con el estado de salud, lo que indica que se necesita precaución.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología evolutiva
- Salud de las personas
- Los biomarcadores
Sus antecedentes:
- Los rasgos faciales se asumen ampliamente para reflejar la estabilidad del desarrollo y la salud.
- Sin embargo, la evidencia científica que apoya esta suposición es inconsistente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar sistemáticamente la asociación entre los rasgos faciales (simetría, promedio, dimorfismo sexual) y varios aspectos de la salud en adultos.
- Evaluar la validez de los rasgos faciales como biomarcadores de la salud y la condición biológica.
Principales métodos:
- La búsqueda sistemática en la literatura de las bases de datos electrónicas (Web of Science, MEDLINE PubMed, Scopus y Embase).
- Adherencia a las partidas de información preferidas para las revisiones sistemáticas y la extensión de los metaanálisis para las revisiones de alcance (PRISMA-ScR).
- Se incluyen 21 estudios de 702 artículos examinados.
Principales resultados:
- Los estudios mostraron diversas asociaciones entre los rasgos faciales y los indicadores de salud como la salud cardiovascular, la inmunocompetencia, el estrés oxidativo, los niveles de cortisol, la salud reproductiva, la función cognitiva y la salud física en general.
- La evidencia general que vincula los rasgos faciales con el estado de salud no fue concluyente.
Conclusiones:
- Los rasgos faciales pueden no servir como indicadores honestos de la salud o condición biológica de una persona.
- Se recomienda precaución al usar los rasgos faciales como biomarcadores del estado de salud.
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