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Un campamento de esquí de cinco días podría mejorar la estabilidad postural en adultos jóvenes: un estudio
Áron Horváth1,2, Piroska Béki3, Júlia Patakiné Bősze3
1Institute of Psychology, Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in Hungary, Budapest, Hungary.
Physiological reports
|August 25, 2025
Resumen
Un campamento de esquí de 5 días mejoró la estabilidad postural visual en mujeres adultas jóvenes, pero no en hombres. Esto sugiere adaptaciones sexuales específicas en el equilibrio del esquí, lo que justifica una mayor investigación sobre los mecanismos subyacentes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias del deporte
- Fisiología humana
- Biomecánica
Sus antecedentes:
- La estabilidad postural es crucial para el rendimiento deportivo y la prevención de lesiones.
- Esquiar requiere equilibrio dinámico e integración sensorial.
- El impacto de las intervenciones de esquí a corto plazo en el control postural sigue siendo poco explorado.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los efectos de un campamento de esquí de 5 días en la estabilidad postural en adultos jóvenes.
- Para determinar si la participación en el esquí influye en el balanceo bajo diversas condiciones sensoriales.
- Explorar las posibles diferencias específicas por sexo en las adaptaciones posturales al esquí.
Principales métodos:
- Diseño casi experimental comparando 43 participantes en el campamento de esquí con 35 controles.
- Estabilidad postural evaluada mediante el sistema de seguimiento del equilibrio (prueba clínica modificada de integración sensorial y equilibrio).
- Se evaluó el balanceo en cuatro condiciones: ojos abiertos/cerrados, superficies estables/inestables; se analizó utilizando ANCOVA no paramétricas de Quade.
Principales resultados:
- No hay diferencias significativas en la estabilidad postural estándar, propioceptiva o vestibular entre los grupos.
- Se observó una mejora significativa en la estabilidad postural visual exclusivamente en mujeres participantes (p=0,003).
- No se encontraron cambios significativos en la estabilidad postural visual en los participantes masculinos (p=0,961).
Conclusiones:
- Un campamento de esquí de 5 días mejora significativamente la estabilidad postural visual en las hembras.
- Las intervenciones de esquí no parecen afectar a otros dominios de la estabilidad postural ni afectar a los machos.
- Los hallazgos sugieren posibles adaptaciones específicas del sexo en el control del equilibrio relacionado con el esquí, lo que requiere más investigación.
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