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Participación de voluntarios comunitarios y sus factores determinantes durante brotes de enfermedades infecciosas
Huizi Jin1, Xueting Ding2, Zhijing Li1
1School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
PloS one
|August 25, 2025
Resumen
El voluntariado comunitario ayuda significativamente a la respuesta de emergencia de salud pública en China, con el 65.9% de los residentes que participan durante el COVID-19. Los principales motivadores fueron la expresión de valores, mientras que las barreras incluían limitaciones de tiempo y riesgo de infección.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Sociología
- Epidemiología
Sus antecedentes:
- El voluntariado comunitario es vital para la respuesta a emergencias de salud pública, especialmente durante brotes de enfermedades infecciosas respiratorias.
- Existe una investigación limitada sobre la participación de los residentes y los factores que influyen en estos esfuerzos de voluntariado.
- Este estudio examina el voluntariado comunitario durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y otros brotes de enfermedades infecciosas respiratorias en China.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la prevalencia del voluntariado comunitario durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en China.
- Identificar los determinantes que influyen en la participación de los residentes en el voluntariado de emergencia de salud pública.
- Comprender las motivaciones y las barreras asociadas con el voluntariado comunitario durante las crisis de salud.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó una encuesta en línea transversal con 1.023 residentes en cinco provincias chinas.
- Los datos recogidos incluyeron factores sociodemográficos, actividades de voluntariado, motivaciones y barreras.
- Se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística para identificar los factores asociados con el voluntariado.
Principales resultados:
- El 65,9% de los encuestados participaron en voluntariado comunitario, principalmente en funciones de prueba de ácido nucleico.
- La expresión de valores fue la principal motivación; la falta de tiempo, las habilidades y el riesgo de infección fueron las barreras clave.
- Una mayor participación estaba relacionada con la educación superior, los roles comunitarios y de salud, la pertenencia al Partido Comunista y la experiencia previa en el voluntariado. Las personas solteras/divorciadas/viudas mostraron una menor participación.
Conclusiones:
- Los voluntarios comunitarios representan una importante fuerza de trabajo auxiliar para las epidemias respiratorias en China.
- Se necesita una formación institucionalizada, una gestión transparente y garantías legales para integrar eficazmente a los voluntarios.
- Estas medidas pueden mejorar la resiliencia de la comunidad ante futuras emergencias de salud pública.
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