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Índice de masa corporal temprano y riesgo de enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal: un estudio de cohorte de nacimiento
Tereza Lerchova1, Johnny Ludvigsson2,3, Staffan Mårild1
1Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Inflammatory bowel diseases
|August 25, 2025
Resumen
La obesidad infantil está relacionada con un mayor riesgo de desarrollar colitis ulcerosa más adelante en la vida. Se necesita más investigación para comprender la conexión entre el índice de masa corporal (IMC) infantil y la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII).
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pediátrica
- Gastroenterología
- Epidemiología
Sus antecedentes:
- El sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil representan una preocupación de salud mundial creciente con posibles impactos en la función inmune.
- Es crucial investigar la relación entre el índice de masa corporal (IMC) infantil y el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII).
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar la asociación entre el índice de masa corporal (IMC) infantil y el riesgo subsiguiente de enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII).
- Analizar las trayectorias del IMC desde el nacimiento hasta la infancia y su correlación con el desarrollo de la EII.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron dos grandes cohortes de nacimientos escandinavos basados en la población (ABIS y MoBa) con seguimiento prospectivo a largo plazo.
- Percentiles y categorías de IMC específicos de la edad (bajo peso, normal, sobrepeso, obesidad) desde el nacimiento hasta los 7-8 años.
- Se analizó el riesgo de EII utilizando datos del registro nacional de salud, ajustando por múltiples covariables y empleando modelos de efectos aleatorios agrupados.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó un aumento significativo del riesgo de colitis ulcerosa en niños con obesidad a los 7 a 8 años (cociente de riesgo ajustado [aHR] = 5,10).
- No se encontró una asociación significativa entre la obesidad infantil a los 3 años y el riesgo posterior de EII.
- Las trayectorias de IMC en la vida temprana no mostraron asociaciones consistentes con el desarrollo de EII.
Conclusiones:
- La obesidad infantil a los 7-8 años está asociada con un riesgo elevado de desarrollar colitis ulcerosa.
- Los hallazgos destacan la importancia de abordar la obesidad infantil debido a sus posibles implicaciones para la salud a largo plazo.
- Se necesita más investigación para dilucidar los mecanismos subyacentes que conectan la obesidad infantil y la colitis ulcerosa.
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