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Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance
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Mecanismos de las intervenciones cognitivo-conductuales y psicodinámicas para la sensibilidad a la ansiedad: un
Maayan Gerecht Hacohen1, Amit Sharoni1, Baraa Kabha1
1Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
Resumen
La terapia cognitivo-conductual (TCC) redujo efectivamente la sensibilidad a la ansiedad al dirigirse a interpretaciones catastróficas. La terapia psicodinámica mostró un menor impacto en el funcionamiento reflexivo, lo que sugiere que los cambios de interpretación son clave para el tratamiento de la sensibilidad a la ansiedad.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología
- Psicología clínica
- Investigación en psicoterapia
Sus antecedentes:
- La sensibilidad a la ansiedad (SA) es un factor clave en los trastornos de ansiedad.
- La comprensión de los mecanismos de cambio en diferentes terapias es crucial para la optimización del tratamiento.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los mecanismos subyacentes de la terapia cognitivo-conductual (TCC) y la terapia psicodinámica (TPDP) en el tratamiento de la sensibilidad a la ansiedad (SA).
- Para probar si los cambios en las interpretaciones catastróficas predicen la reducción de AS en la TCC, y las mejoras en el funcionamiento reflexivo específico del pánico (pRF) predicen la reducción de AS en PDTp.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizó un diseño analógico controlado aleatorizado de una sola sesión con 110 participantes con AS elevado.
- Los participantes fueron asignados al azar a TCC, TPD o a un grupo de control.
- Los cambios previos y posteriores en los mecanismos hipotéticos se analizaron como predictores de los cambios en la EA en el postratamiento y el seguimiento de un mes.
Principales resultados:
- Las reducciones de AS en la TCC se asociaron fuertemente con cambios en las interpretaciones catastróficas.
- El funcionamiento reflexivo específico del pánico (pRF) no cambió significativamente en ningún grupo y su relación con la reducción de la EA fue compleja.
- Si bien la angustia disminuyó en la TCC, no predijo consistentemente el cambio de AS.
Conclusiones:
- La orientación hacia el pensamiento catastrófico es clínicamente relevante y efectiva en la TCC breve para la sensibilidad a la ansiedad.
- El funcionamiento reflexivo específico del pánico puede desempeñar un papel secundario en el tratamiento del SA en comparación con la reestructuración cognitiva.
- Se necesita más investigación para examinar estos mecanismos en entornos clínicos y con tratamientos de mayor duración.
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