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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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RNA Interference01:23

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells
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ERH promueve el procesamiento primario de microARN más allá de la asistencia de clúster

Harim Jang1,2, Junyoung Park1,2, V Narry Kim3,4

  • 1Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Korea.

Nature communications
|August 25, 2025
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Resumen

ERH y SAFB2 son factores auxiliares que ayudan a procesar los microARN primarios (pri-miRNA). Este estudio revela que ERH mejora ampliamente el procesamiento de pri-miRNA, mientras que SAFB2 ayuda específicamente a los pri-miRNA agrupados.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología molecular
  • Biología del ARN
  • Regulación genética

Sus antecedentes:

  • La biogénesis del microARN (miRNA) es crucial para la regulación de los genes.
  • El complejo de microprocesador (DROSHA-DGCR8) inicia la maduración del miARN a partir de los miARN primarios (pri-miARN).
  • ERH y SAFB2 son factores auxiliares conocidos que mejoran la función del microprocesador, particularmente en la asistencia de clúster.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para aclarar los distintos mecanismos moleculares de ERH y SAFB2 en el procesamiento de pri-miRNA.
  • Comprender sus funciones en la asistencia de clúster de pri-miRNA.
  • Proponer un modelo para sus funciones en la maduración del miARN.

Principales métodos:

  • Investigó las funciones de ERH y SAFB2 utilizando ensayos de procesamiento de pri-miRNA.
  • Se analizaron los efectos de ERH y SAFB2 tanto en los pri-miRNA aislados como en los agrupados.
  • Se utilizaron experimentos de eliminación para evaluar el impacto del agotamiento de ERH y SAFB2.

Principales resultados:

  • ERH mejora ampliamente el procesamiento de pri-miRNA, independientemente del contexto genómico (independiente o agrupado).
  • La reducción de la ERH afecta de manera desproporcionada a las horquillas de pri-miRNA subóptimas en comparación con las eficientes.
  • SAFB2 facilita específicamente el procesamiento de horquillas de pri-miRNA subóptimas dentro de los grupos.

Conclusiones:

  • ERH y SAFB2 exhiben funciones distintas en la asistencia de clúster de miRNA pri.
  • Un nuevo modelo propone que el SAFB2 facilite la transferencia de microprocesadores entre horquillas.
  • Se propone que la ERH permita un procesamiento eficiente de los pri-miARN subóptimos.