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Respuestas inmunes y inflamatorias innatas a la infección por el virus del dengue

Luiza J Hübner¹, Fernando R Ascenção¹, Daniel S Mansur²

¹Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brasil.

Current topics in microbiology and immunology

|August 25, 2025

Resumen

El virus del dengue evade el sistema inmune innato humano, particularmente las respuestas al interferón, lo que influye en la gravedad de la enfermedad. Comprender su interacción con los receptores de reconocimiento de patrones y la inmunidad innata es crucial para explicar el dengue

Área de la Ciencia:

* Virología
* Inmunología
* Enfermedades infecciosas

Sus antecedentes:

El virus del dengue es una de las principales infecciones arbovirales a nivel mundial, que causa hasta 400 millones de casos al año.
* Los síntomas van desde una enfermedad febril leve hasta fiebre hemorrágica grave y potencialmente fatal y shock.
* La interacción viral con el sistema inmunológico del huésped, particularmente la inmunidad innata, dicta el espectro de la enfermedad.

Objetivo del estudio:

* Explorar el reconocimiento del virus del dengue mediante receptores de reconocimiento de patrones.
* Para investigar el papel de las células inmunes innatas en la infección por dengue.
* Comprender la respuesta inflamatoria en la patogénesis del dengue.

Principales métodos:

* Revisión de la literatura actual sobre las interacciones entre el virus del dengue y el huésped.
* Análisis de los mecanismos de evasión del virus del dengue en el sistema inmune innato.
* Examen de las vías de señalización del receptor de reconocimiento de patrones.

Principales resultados:

* El virus del dengue evita activamente las respuestas inmunológicas innatas, especialmente los interferones de tipo I y III.
* Los receptores de reconocimiento de patrones inician la señalización inmune al detectar el virus del dengue.
* Las células inmunes innatas y las respuestas inflamatorias influyen significativamente en los resultados de la enfermedad.

Conclusiones:

* Las estrategias de evasión inmunológica del virus del dengue son fundamentales para su patogénesis.
* La comprensión de las respuestas inmunes innatas es clave para descifrar el espectro de la enfermedad del dengue.
* Las investigaciones adicionales sobre las interacciones huésped-patógeno pueden orientar las estrategias terapéuticas.

Palabras clave:

Evasión inmune La inflamación La inmunidad innata El Interferón Los genes estimulados por el interferón

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