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Control del sistema nervioso central de la respiración en la conversación natural por turnos

Camilla Di Pasquasio¹, Lila De Pellegrin¹, Arthur Pineaud¹

¹Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone UMR 7289 Aix-Marseille Université - CNRS, 25 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille cedex 5, France.

Scientific reports

|August 25, 2025

Resumen

Las conversaciones humanas requieren un control preciso de la respiración. Las regiones cerebrales en el sulco postcentral, el tronco cerebral y el cerebelo coordinan la anticipación de la respiración para el inicio del habla durante la interacción social.

Área de la Ciencia:

La neurociencia
Fisiología respiratoria
Comunicación en el habla

Sus antecedentes:

La interacción social humana se basa en gran medida en la vocalización y la conversación.
La producción del habla requiere eventos respiratorios y articulativos sincronizados.
La conversión conversacional requiere la anticipación de la respiración para el habla.

Objetivo del estudio:

Identificar las regiones clave del cerebro involucradas en la anticipación respiratoria del inicio del habla durante las conversaciones en vivo.
Investigar los mecanismos neuronales que subyacen al control voluntario de la respiración para la producción del habla.

Principales métodos:

Utilizó un cuerpo de imágenes de resonancia magnética funcional (fMRI) de conversaciones en vivo y sin restricciones.
Actividad cerebral contrastada durante los eventos respiratorios relacionados con el inicio del habla (Resp +) frente a los no relacionados (Resp-).
Los datos de comportamiento analizados muestran que los máximos respiratorios preceden el inicio del habla en aproximadamente 200 ms.

Principales resultados:

Se identificaron respuestas bilaterales significativas en el sulco postcentral, el tronco cerebral y el cerebelo durante la anticipación respiratoria del inicio del habla (eventos Resp +).
Estos hallazgos fueron estadísticamente significativos (p_FWE < 0,05, k > 5 cm3).
Control voluntario demostrado de la respiración por encima de los ritmos respiratorios automáticos.

Conclusiones:

Una red que involucra el surco postcentral, el tronco cerebral y el cerebelo inhibe la respiración automática para el control voluntario del habla.
Estas estructuras interactúan para regular el control respiratorio crucial para la producción del habla en contextos sociales.
Proporciona nuevos conocimientos sobre la base neuronal de la comunicación humana y los trastornos asociados.

Palabras clave:

El tronco cerebral El surco central El cerebelo Conversación por turnos La comunicación humana La respiración Control de las vías respiratorias Interacción social Respiración del habla Resonancia magnética funcional

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