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Percepciones sobre la salud mental y la depresión en los adolescentes, una revisión sistemática de estudios

Elise S Beket^1,2,3, Mariëtte H H Hoogsteder^4,5, Arne Popma^6,4

¹Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychosocial Care, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. e.beket@ggdflevoland.nl.

BMC public health

|August 26, 2025

Resumen

Los adolescentes perciben los problemas de salud mental como fracasos personales, se sienten responsables pero necesitan apoyo social. Esto pone de relieve la necesidad de intervenciones sistémicas para abordar la depresión y el bienestar mental de los adolescentes.

Área de la Ciencia:

Psicología
Salud de los adolescentes
Investigación de la salud mental

Sus antecedentes:

Los problemas de salud mental de los adolescentes, particularmente la depresión, están aumentando en todo el mundo.
La investigación existente a menudo se basa en métodos cuantitativos, lo que limita la comprensión de las perspectivas de los adolescentes.
Los conocimientos cualitativos son cruciales para desarrollar estrategias eficaces de promoción y prevención de la salud mental.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar y sintetizar sistemáticamente la investigación cualitativa sobre las perspectivas de la salud mental y la depresión en los adolescentes.
Explorar cómo los adolescentes de 13 a 23 años en países de altos ingresos perciben el bienestar mental y los estados depresivos.

Principales métodos:

Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en las bases de datos de PubMed y PsycInfo.
Las palabras clave incluían adolescentes, salud mental, depresión, perspectivas y métodos cualitativos.
El análisis temático, incluida la codificación abierta y el desarrollo temático, se aplicó a 74 artículos elegibles.

Principales resultados:

Cinco temas clave surgieron: mantener el equilibrio, la conexión con uno mismo/otros, la responsabilidad personal, la salud mental como un continuo y la pérdida de control en la depresión.
Los adolescentes ven los problemas de salud mental como fracasos personales y se sienten responsables de su bienestar.
Una necesidad percibida de apoyo social coexiste con un sentido de responsabilidad personal.

Conclusiones:

Las percepciones de los adolescentes revelan una compleja interacción entre la responsabilidad personal y la necesidad de apoyo social.
La carga de responsabilidad puede aumentar la susceptibilidad a la depresión, lo que sugiere la necesidad de intervenciones sistémicas.
La investigación adicional sobre las percepciones de los adolescentes es vital para las iniciativas específicas de promoción de la salud mental y búsqueda de apoyo.

Palabras clave:

Adolescente La depresión Salud mental Bienestar mental Perspectivas de desarrollo Revisión sistemática de las acciones.

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