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Efectos del tratamiento de la apnea obstructiva del sueño en los síntomas comunes del VIH
David L Berry1, Jeremy E Orr1, Christopher N Schmickl1
1University of California San Diego, Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA.
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
|August 26, 2025
Resumen
El tratamiento de la apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS) en personas que viven con VIH (PLWH) con terapia de presión positiva de las vías respiratorias (PAP) mejora la fatiga y los marcadores de salud cardiovascular. Esto pone de relieve la importancia de la evaluación y el tratamiento de la AOS en PLWH.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina del sueño
- Cardiología
- Enfermedades infecciosas (VIH/SIDA)
Sus antecedentes:
- Las personas que viven con VIH (PLWH) a menudo experimentan fatiga y un mayor riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular.
- La apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS) es frecuente en PLWH y puede contribuir a estos problemas de salud.
- El impacto del tratamiento de la AOS en PLWH sigue siendo insuficientemente investigado.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los efectos de la terapia de presión positiva de las vías respiratorias (PAP) sobre la fatiga y la salud cardiovascular en personas que viven con VIH (PLWH) que tienen AOS.
- Evaluar los cambios en la calidad del sueño, la somnolencia diurna y la función cognitiva después del tratamiento con AOS.
Principales métodos:
- 120 PLWH se sometieron a polisomnografía y completaron cuestionarios validados.
- A los participantes con AOS se les ofreció una terapia de presión positiva en las vías respiratorias (PAP, por sus siglas en inglés) durante 12 semanas.
- Los marcadores cardiovasculares (RHI, frecuencia cardíaca, presión arterial) y los resultados informados por el paciente fueron reevaluados después del tratamiento.
Principales resultados:
- De los 70 participantes con AOS, 41 utilizaron la terapia PAP.
- El tratamiento con PAP mejoró significativamente la fatiga, el índice de hiperemia reactiva (RHI) y la frecuencia cardíaca (p<0,05).
- También se observaron mejoras en la somnolencia diurna, la calidad del sueño y la percepción de la función cognitiva, aunque los cambios fueron modestos.
Conclusiones:
- La terapia de presión positiva de las vías respiratorias (PAP, por sus siglas en inglés) mejora efectivamente la fatiga y los marcadores de salud cardiovascular en personas que viven con VIH (PLWH, por sus siglas en inglés) con AOS.
- Los hallazgos se alinean con los resultados observados en poblaciones no PLWH, lo que respalda la eficacia del tratamiento con PAP.
- Se debe considerar la evaluación y el tratamiento de la AOS para la PLWH para controlar los síntomas comunes y mejorar los resultados de salud.
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