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Evaluación de los efectos no lineales de la duración del sueño en el envejecimiento biológico a través de datos
Xueyao Wu1, Xunying Zhao1, Aaron Ge2
1Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Aging
|August 26, 2025
Resumen
La duración óptima del sueño, alrededor de 7 horas, está relacionada con un envejecimiento más saludable. El sueño insuficiente se asocia con biomarcadores de envejecimiento acelerado, mientras que el sueño excesivo
Área de la Ciencia:
- La genética
- Investigación sobre el envejecimiento
- Ciencia del sueño
Sus antecedentes:
- El vínculo de la duración del sueño con el envejecimiento y la salud es inconsistente.
- Las asociaciones no lineales entre el sueño y el envejecimiento pueden ser poco exploradas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las relaciones no lineales entre la duración del sueño y los biomarcadores del envejecimiento acelerado.
- Para analizar la aceleración de PhenoAge, la aceleración de BioAge y la longitud de los telómeros de leucocitos en relación con el sueño.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos del Biobanco del Reino Unido (n=442.664) con información fenotípica y genómica.
- Regresión lineal multivariable aplicada, líneas cúbicas restringidas y aleatorización mendeliana (MR).
- Análisis de anotación funcional y de enriquecimiento por tipo de célula.
Principales resultados:
- Los análisis fenotípicos mostraron asociaciones en forma de U para PhenoAgeAccel/ BioAgeAccel, con un sueño óptimo cercano a las 7 h/d.
- La RM reveló efectos de umbral no lineales: el sueño más corto (< 7 h/d) aumentó los biomarcadores de envejecimiento, mientras que el sueño más largo mostró beneficios lineales para el LTL.
- El sueño corto está relacionado con BioAgeAccel/LTL a través del mantenimiento muscular y las vías inmunológicas.
Conclusiones:
- Extender la duración del sueño puede ayudar a mitigar el envejecimiento biológico.
- El sueño insuficiente, no necesariamente el sueño excesivo, parece estar causalmente relacionado con el envejecimiento acelerado.
- Se necesitan más investigaciones sobre los mecanismos biológicos y el papel del sueño excesivo.
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