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Programas educativos y resultados de salud mental en personas con diabetes tipo 1: una revisión de alcance
Ilaria Milani1, Gani Antony Leonardo Carreno Dextre2, Rolando Francesco Elisei3
1Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
Acta diabetologica
|August 26, 2025
Resumen
Los programas educativos pueden mejorar la salud mental de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1. Se necesitan intervenciones más personalizadas y sensibles a la edad para superar las barreras y mejorar el bienestar psicológico.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Endocrinología y enfermedades metabólicas
- Psiquiatría y Psicología
- Educación para la salud
Sus antecedentes:
- Las personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DMT1) se enfrentan a un mayor riesgo de trastornos psicológicos.
- La salud mental es crucial pero a menudo se pasa por alto en el tratamiento de la DMT.
- Las intervenciones educativas son reconocidas por mejorar el autocuidado y el bienestar psicológico en la DMT.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar y mapear sistemáticamente la literatura existente sobre programas educativos para pacientes con DT1.
- Para analizar específicamente el impacto de estos programas en los resultados de salud mental.
Principales métodos:
- La revisión del alcance se llevó a cabo siguiendo la metodología del Instituto Joanna Briggs (JBI).
- Guiado por el marco de Población, Concepto y Contexto (PCC).
- Una búsqueda exhaustiva en las seis principales bases de datos biomédicas.
Principales resultados:
- 18 estudios examinaron intervenciones como herramientas digitales, terapias psicológicas (ACT, CBT) y estrategias de autocuidado.
- Se observaron efectos positivos en la salud mental, incluida la reducción de la ansiedad y la mejora del estado de ánimo.
- Los facilitadores incluyeron apoyo profesional y participación de pares; las barreras incluyeron altas tasas de abandono escolar y falta de adaptación específica a la edad.
Conclusiones:
- Las intervenciones educativas demuestran el potencial de tener un impacto positivo en la salud mental en la DMT.
- La literatura actual está fragmentada, con una eficacia variable del programa.
- Las intervenciones futuras requieren una mayor flexibilidad, personalización, sensibilidad a la edad y apoyo psicológico integrado.
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