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El fallo de la Corte Suprema de 2023 sobre la acción afirmativa condujo a una disminución en la matriculación de estudiantes subrepresentados en medicina (URiM) en las escuelas de medicina de los Estados Unidos. Este estudio encontró disparidades emergentes en las tasas de aceptación, particularmente en estados sin prohibiciones previas de acción afirmativa.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Educación médica
  • Equidad en salud
  • Sociología de la Educación

Sus antecedentes:

  • El fallo de la Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos (SCOTUS) de 2023 restringió significativamente la acción afirmativa basada en la raza en las admisiones universitarias.
  • Esta decisión tiene implicaciones potenciales para la diversidad en la educación médica de posgrado.
  • Comprender el impacto en las admisiones a las escuelas de medicina es crucial para mantener una fuerza laboral médica diversa.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Analizar las tasas de solicitud, aceptación y matriculación para los programas de concesión de doctorado en medicina (MD) de los Estados Unidos.
  • Comparar estas tasas antes y después de la decisión SCOTUS de 2023 sobre la acción afirmativa.
  • Para identificar los cambios demográficos en las admisiones a la escuela de medicina después del fallo.

Principales métodos:

  • Estudio transversal retrospectivo que utiliza datos no identificados de la Asociación de Colegios Médicos Estadounidenses.
  • El análisis incluyó a los solicitantes y matriculados en las escuelas médicas estadounidenses que otorgan MD de 2019-2023 (antes del fallo) y 2024 (después del fallo).
  • Las principales medidas de resultado fueron las tasas de solicitud, aceptación y matriculación en todos los grupos raciales y étnicos.

Principales resultados:

  • En 2024, las tasas de aceptación aumentaron para los solicitantes blancos y asiáticos, pero disminuyeron para los solicitantes negros y subrepresentados en medicina (URiM) en comparación con 2019-2023.
  • Los solicitantes de URiM se enfrentaron a tasas de aceptación significativamente más bajas que los solicitantes blancos y asiáticos en 2024.
  • La representación estudiantil de URiM entre los matriculados disminuyó en 3.56 puntos porcentuales en 2024, lo que equivale a 503 matriculados menos de URiM, con disminuciones concentradas en estados sin prohibiciones previas de acción afirmativa.

Conclusiones:

  • El fallo de SCOTUS de 2023 se asoció con una disminución en la matriculación de estudiantes de URiM en las escuelas de medicina de los Estados Unidos.
  • Se observó una disparidad emergente en las tasas de aceptación de los solicitantes de URiM después de la resolución.
  • Los hallazgos sugieren un vínculo entre la decisión de SCOTUS y los cambios demográficos en la matriculación de la escuela de medicina, particularmente en contextos estatales específicos.