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Diferencias de sexo en la respuesta a la doxorubicina Disfunción del músculo cardiorrespiratorio aguda y ejercicio de
Ryan N Montalvo1, Branden L Nguyen, Vivian Doerr
1University of Florida, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Gainesville, FL.
Medicine and science in sports and exercise
|August 26, 2025
Resumen
El acondicionamiento previo al ejercicio mejora la resistencia, pero solo protege a las ratas hembras de la toxicidad muscular cardiorrespiratoria inducida por Doxorubicina. Este estudio destaca las respuestas específicas del sexo a las intervenciones de quimioterapia y ejercicio.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias cardiovasculares
- Fisiología del ejercicio
- Farmacología
Sus antecedentes:
- La doxorubicina (DOX) es un medicamento de quimioterapia vital.
- Su uso clínico está limitado por la toxicidad del músculo cardiorrespiratorio.
- Las diferencias de sexo en la toxicidad de DOX y la protección del ejercicio no se comprenden completamente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las diferencias basadas en el sexo en la miotoxicidad inducida por la doxorubicina.
- Para determinar si el acondicionamiento previo al ejercicio puede mitigar el daño muscular relacionado con DOX.
- Explorar los efectos protectores específicos del sexo del ejercicio contra la toxicidad de la quimioterapia.
Principales métodos:
- Las ratas adultas macho y hembra se sometieron a un precondicionamiento sedentario o de ejercicio.
- Las ratas recibieron solución salina o doxorubicina (20 mg/kg).
- Se evaluó la función cardíaca y muscular respiratoria 48 horas después de la inyección.
Principales resultados:
- El ejercicio mejora la tolerancia al ejercicio en ambos sexos.
- La doxorubicina redujo la función cardíaca y del diafragma en hombres y mujeres.
- Ejercicio para preservar la función cardíaca y del diafragma exclusivamente en ratas hembras.
- Se observaron diferencias específicas por sexo en las hormonas, la acumulación de DOX y la expresión génica.
Conclusiones:
- La doxorubicina causa toxicidad en los músculos cardiorrespiratorios en ambos sexos.
- El acondicionamiento previo al ejercicio mejora la resistencia, pero ofrece protección cardíaca y diafragmática solo en las hembras.
- Los hallazgos sugieren mecanismos sexuales específicos que subyacen a la toxicidad de la doxorubicina y a los beneficios del ejercicio.
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