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La inseguridad alimentaria a través de la lente de la pobreza multidimensional: evidencia de Chile
Rodrigo Yáñez1, Carolina Olcay1, José Navea1
1Rimisp.-.Latin American Center for Rural Development, Huelen 10, piso 6, Providencia, Santiago, Chile.
Social science & medicine (1982)
|August 26, 2025
Resumen
La inseguridad alimentaria en Chile está fuertemente relacionada con la pobreza en el trabajo, la vivienda y las redes sociales, no solo la salud y la educación. Las intervenciones políticas deben abordar estos factores clave para una mayor eficacia.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Socioeconomía
- Salud pública
- Estudios de desarrollo
Sus antecedentes:
- La inseguridad alimentaria y la pobreza multidimensional son desafíos globales críticos.
- La comprensión de la interacción entre las dimensiones FI y específicas del PDM es crucial para las intervenciones específicas.
- Chile ofrece un estudio de caso relevante debido a su panorama socioeconómico.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la relación entre la inseguridad alimentaria y la pobreza multidimensional en Chile.
- Identificar qué dimensiones de la pobreza multidimensional influyen más significativamente en la inseguridad alimentaria.
- Evaluar la alineación de las políticas públicas actuales con los factores identificados de inseguridad alimentaria.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos de la encuesta de hogares de Chile para el período 2017-2022.
- Utilizó la Escala de Experiencia de Inseguridad Alimentaria (FIES) para medir la inseguridad alimentaria.
- Aplicación de modelos ordenados de sondas y variables instrumentales para analizar la influencia de las dimensiones de MDP en FI.
Principales resultados:
- Se encontró que las dimensiones de trabajo, vivienda y red social eran los predictores más fuertes del aumento de la inseguridad alimentaria.
- Las dimensiones de salud y educación mostraron un menor impacto en la inseguridad alimentaria.
- Se identificó una desalineación significativa entre las políticas públicas actuales (enfocadas en la salud y la educación) y los principales factores de inseguridad alimentaria.
Conclusiones:
- Se necesitan intervenciones de políticas públicas multisectoriales en Chile para abordar eficazmente la inseguridad alimentaria.
- Los esfuerzos políticos deben reorientarse hacia las dimensiones más impactantes de la pobreza: trabajo, vivienda y redes sociales.
- Los resultados ofrecen ideas para ampliar las intervenciones efectivas a otros países en desarrollo.
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