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El amortiguamiento social de los hermanos en la infancia y la adolescencia
Deborah Han1, Natalie A Thwaites1, Julia Olson2
1Department of Psychology, University of Denver, United States.
Psychoneuroendocrinology
|August 26, 2025
Resumen
Los hermanos pueden amortiguar el estrés para los adolescentes con síntomas depresivos altos, reduciendo la reactividad del cortisol. Sin embargo, las malas relaciones entre hermanos pueden dificultar la recuperación del estrés en algunas personas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología
- Neuroendocrinología
- Ciencias del desarrollo
Sus antecedentes:
- Las relaciones positivas entre hermanos están vinculadas a un mejor desarrollo infantil.
- El papel de los hermanos como amortiguadores sociales contra el estrés fisiológico es poco estudiado.
- El efecto moderador de los síntomas depresivos en el amortiguamiento social de los hermanos es en gran medida desconocido.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar si los hermanos amortiguan las respuestas de cortisol a los factores de estrés social en comparación con los extraños en niños y adolescentes.
- Para determinar si los síntomas depresivos moderan el efecto amortiguador de los hermanos.
- Examinar si la calidad de la relación entre hermanos afecta a la eficacia del amortiguamiento.
Principales métodos:
- Participaron 72 niños (de 9 a 11 años) y 65 adolescentes (de 15 a 17 años).
- Los participantes fueron asignados al azar para interactuar con un hermano o un extraño durante el Trier Social Stress Test-Online.
- Se midieron los niveles salivales de cortisol para evaluar la reactividad y la recuperación; los síntomas depresivos y la calidad de la relación entre hermanos fueron autoinformados.
Principales resultados:
- El efecto amortiguador entre hermanos difería según la etapa de desarrollo y los niveles de síntomas depresivos.
- Los adolescentes con síntomas depresivos altos mostraron una menor reactividad al cortisol cuando estaban con un hermano en comparación con un extraño.
- No se encontraron diferencias significativas en niños o adolescentes con síntomas depresivos leves.
- Entre aquellos con un hermano, una mayor alienación entre hermanos predijo una menor recuperación de cortisol.
Conclusiones:
- Los hermanos pueden actuar como amortiguadores sociales contra el estrés fisiológico, especialmente para los adolescentes que experimentan síntomas de depresión alta.
- La efectividad del amortiguamiento social de los hermanos depende de la etapa de desarrollo y el estado de salud mental.
- La mala calidad de la relación entre hermanos, específicamente la alienación, puede impedir la recuperación del estrés.
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