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Integración de la vacunación contra la COVID-19 en los sistemas de salud: hallazgos cualitativos de siete países
Cheickna Touré1, Marty Makinen2, Adriana Almiñana2
1Results for Development Institute, Nairobi, Kenya ctoure@r4d.org.
BMJ global health
|August 26, 2025
Resumen
Siete países están integrando la vacunación contra el COVID-19 en los servicios de salud de rutina después de la emergencia. Los retos incluyen la coordinación entre programas y la adquisición sostenible de vacunas, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad de una planificación temprana de la integración.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Vacunas y vacunas
- Fortalecimiento de los sistemas de salud
Sus antecedentes:
- La Organización Mundial de la Salud declaró que el COVID-19 ya no era una emergencia de salud mundial en mayo de 2023.
- Los países están haciendo la transición de la vacunación de emergencia contra el COVID-19 a la provisión de rutina.
- Este estudio examina la integración de la vacunación contra la COVID-19 en los servicios de salud en siete países.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Presentar las experiencias de siete países que integran la vacunación contra el COVID-19 en los servicios y sistemas de salud.
- Identificar los desafíos y las oportunidades en la transición de la vacunación COVID-19 de emergencia a la provisión de rutina.
Principales métodos:
- Datos recogidos de agosto de 2023 a abril de 2024 en Benín, Etiopía, Ghana, India, Liberia, Mozambique y Nigeria.
- Entrevistas con informantes clave con funcionarios de salud nacionales/subnacionales, grupos de trabajo, organizaciones de la sociedad civil y socios.
- Discusiones en grupos focales con los trabajadores de la salud.
Principales resultados:
- Seis de los siete países integraron o planearon la integración de la vacunación contra el COVID-19 con otros servicios de salud.
- La integración de la cadena de suministro fue relativamente alta; la integración de los sistemas de información fue menor.
- La coordinación entre los programas de salud fue un gran desafío; la mayoría de los países dependían de fondos externos para las vacunas.
Conclusiones:
- Los principales desafíos incluyen una mala coordinación entre programas, la falta de estrategias de adquisición sostenibles y la gestión de las infodémicas.
- La integración de la vacunación contra el COVID-19 puede fortalecer los enfoques de inmunización durante toda la vida.
- El diseño para una integración más temprana es crucial para aprovechar los sistemas después de la emergencia.
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