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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

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Disfunción de la matriz extracelular y alteraciones sinápticas en la esquizofrenia

Paula Unzueta-Larrinaga1,2, Esteban Cuesta-Vega1, Rocío Barrena-Barbadillo2,3

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.

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La esquizofrenia implica problemas de desarrollo neurológico. Este estudio encontró cambios en la matriz extracelular y los genes/proteínas sinápticos en las células derivadas del paciente y el tejido cerebral, lo que sugiere nuevos objetivos terapéuticos.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La neurociencia
  • La genética
  • Biología celular

Sus antecedentes:

  • La esquizofrenia es un trastorno psiquiátrico complejo con orígenes sospechosos de desarrollo neurológico.
  • Las células neuroepiteliales olfativas ofrecen un modelo para estudiar las alteraciones del desarrollo neurológico específicas del paciente.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar las desregulaciones del desarrollo neurológico en la esquizofrenia utilizando células neuroepiteliales olfativas.
  • Identificar las alteraciones moleculares en la matriz extracelular y la función sináptica.

Principales métodos:

  • Secuenciación de ARN de neurosferas cultivadas y neuronas diferenciadas de pacientes con esquizofrenia y controles.
  • Cuantificación de proteínas en neuronas derivadas y tejido postmortem de la corteza prefrontal.
  • Análisis de la matriz extracelular y la expresión sináptica de genes y proteínas.

Principales resultados:

  • Alteraciones significativas en la expresión génica de la matriz extracelular en las neurosferas.
  • Regulación a la baja de la organización sináptica y los genes de la matriz extracelular en las neuronas diferenciadas.
  • Disminución de los niveles de proteínas L1CAM, SCG2 y NPTXR en sujetos con esquizofrenia; alteración de la correlación L1CAM-NPTXR.

Conclusiones:

  • La esquizofrenia está relacionada con la matriz extracelular y la desregulación sináptica.
  • Las células neuroepiteliales olfativas son un modelo viable para la investigación de la esquizofrenia.
  • Las vías identificadas pueden ofrecer objetivos para biomarcadores y terapias.