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Examinar las relaciones longitudinales y recíprocas entre el uso de servicios de salud mental y los síntomas de salud
Jennifer Murphy1, Youngmi Kim2, Kyeongmo Kim3
1School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76010, USA.
The journal of behavioral health services & research
|August 26, 2025
Resumen
El uso de servicios de salud mental en adolescentes predice el uso futuro y reduce los síntomas depresivos. La intervención temprana, especialmente en las escuelas, es crucial para el bienestar mental a largo plazo y la participación continua en el servicio en la edad adulta.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud mental de los adolescentes
- Estudios longitudinales
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- La adolescencia es un período crítico para el surgimiento de necesidades de salud mental.
- Existe una brecha significativa entre las necesidades de salud mental de los adolescentes y la utilización de los servicios.
- Los impactos longitudinales del uso de servicios de salud mental en las necesidades futuras son poco estudiados.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la relación longitudinal y bidireccional entre la utilización de los servicios de salud mental y los síntomas depresivos en adolescentes.
- Para entender cómo el uso del servicio pasado y los síntomas predicen los resultados futuros.
- Informar las estrategias de los servicios de salud mental para adolescentes.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos de cuatro oleadas del Estudio Longitudinal Nacional de la Salud de los Adolescentes (Agregar Salud; N = 7,902).
- Utilizó análisis de panel cruzados para examinar la utilización del servicio de salud mental (MHS) y los síntomas depresivos.
- Análisis ajustados a las características sociodemográficas.
Principales resultados:
- El uso de MHS en la escuela en un momento dado predijo un aumento en el uso de MHS en el siguiente (ORs = 1,34-1,61).
- Los síntomas depresivos en un punto de tiempo predijeron síntomas depresivos futuros (βs = .21-.30).
- El uso de MHS predijo una reducción de los síntomas depresivos futuros (βs = 0,14- 27), y los síntomas depresivos predijeron el uso futuro de MHS (ORs = 1,05 - 1,15).
Conclusiones:
- Existe una relación recíproca entre el uso de servicios de salud mental por parte de los adolescentes y los síntomas depresivos.
- Los servicios de salud mental basados en la escuela son vitales para promover el uso sostenido del servicio en la edad adulta.
- La participación temprana y consistente de MHS es clave para las trayectorias de salud mental de los adolescentes.
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