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Efectos de diferentes intervenciones en los trastornos de ansiedad en niños y adolescentes: una revisión sistemática
Longhui Li1, Qiner Li1, Jingyi Wang1
1Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, 100191, China.
BMC psychiatry
|August 26, 2025
Resumen
La terapia de aceptación y compromiso (ACT) es prometedora para el tratamiento de la ansiedad infantil, superando a otros métodos. Sin embargo, se necesita más investigación de alta calidad debido a las limitaciones en la evidencia actual para las intervenciones pediátricas de ansiedad.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La psiquiatría
- Salud mental de los niños y adolescentes
- Intervenciones basadas en pruebas
Sus antecedentes:
- Los trastornos de ansiedad son frecuentes en niños y adolescentes, con una mayor incidencia después de la COVID-19.
- Esto plantea un importante desafío para la salud pública que requiere intervenciones efectivas.
- La identificación de tratamientos óptimos es crucial para esta población vulnerable.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar la eficacia de diversas intervenciones para los trastornos de ansiedad en niños y adolescentes.
- Identificar el enfoque terapéutico más eficaz para mitigar el impacto de la ansiedad.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA) en cinco bases de datos principales.
- Se empleó el metanálisis de la red bayesiana utilizando R Studio.
- Se utilizó el método GRADE para evaluar la calidad de las pruebas.
Principales resultados:
- Se analizaron 30 ECA con 1.711 participantes.
- La terapia de aceptación y compromiso (ACT, por sus siglas en inglés) demostró la mayor eficacia (MD = -3,83).
- La terapia cognitivo-conductual (TCC) fue la segunda más efectiva (MD = -3,64).
Conclusiones:
- ACT parece ser más eficaz para los trastornos de ansiedad pediátricos, seguido de la TCC.
- Los hallazgos requieren una interpretación cautelosa debido a la baja calidad de la evidencia, la heterogeneidad y la imprecisión.
- La investigación futura debe explorar terapias combinadas y llevar a cabo ECA a gran escala y de alta calidad.
Palabras clave:
AdolescenteAnsiedadLos niñosMetaanálisis de la redEjercicio físicoLa psicoterapiaRealidad virtualMás Videos Relacionados
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