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Pruebas electrofisiológicas de procesamiento de palabras de amenaza social en participantes de ansiedad social
Jinwei Yang1, Feng Si2, Jianqin Cao3
1Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Health Management on Chronic Diseases in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Daqing Campus, Xinyang Street 39, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China.
BMC psychiatry
|August 26, 2025
Resumen
La ansiedad social aumenta las respuestas tempranas del cerebro a las amenazas sociales. Las personas con alta ansiedad social muestran una asignación temprana de atención intensificada y una codificación perceptiva del contenido emocional, lo que afecta el procesamiento de palabras de amenaza.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- Psicología cognitiva
- Psicología social
Sus antecedentes:
- La ansiedad social (AS) está vinculada a los sesgos de atención hacia la amenaza social.
- Las etapas de procesamiento neuronal de estos sesgos en SA siguen sin estar claras.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar cómo la ansiedad social influye en la dinámica temporal del procesamiento de las palabras de amenaza social.
- Para aclarar las etapas de procesamiento neuronal donde los sesgos de atención surgen en la ansiedad social.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizó un electroencefalograma (EEG) y una tarea emocional de Stroop.
- Los participantes fueron agrupados en alta ansiedad social (HSA) y baja ansiedad social (LSA) en función de las puntuaciones de LSAS.
- El análisis incluyó tiempos de reacción (RT) y potenciales relacionados con eventos (ERP): P2, negatividad posterior temprana (EPN) y potencial positivo tardío (LPP).
Principales resultados:
- El grupo HSA mostró respuestas más lentas a las palabras de amenaza; el grupo LSA no lo hizo.
- Ambos grupos mostraron amplitudes P2 mejoradas a las palabras de amenaza, lo que indica una orientación temprana de la atención.
- El grupo HSA mostró amplitudes EPN más negativas a las palabras de amenaza, lo que significa una mayor asignación de atención temprana y codificación perceptiva.
Conclusiones:
- La ansiedad social modula el procesamiento temprano de la amenaza social.
- P2 refleja la sensibilidad atencional general a la amenaza, mientras que EPN es mayor en SA, lo que indica un procesamiento emocional temprano mejorado.
- Los sesgos de atención en la ansiedad social pueden originarse en la codificación perceptiva temprana, no en etapas evaluativas posteriores.
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