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Aplicaciones de la IA en la gobernanza de desastres con enfoque de salud: una revisión del alcance
Pirhossein Kolivand1,2,3, Samad Azari2,4, Ahad Bakhtiari5,6,7
1Research Center for Emergency and Disaster Resilience, Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique
|August 27, 2025
Resumen
La inteligencia artificial (IA) mejora la gobernanza de desastres al mejorar las políticas, el análisis de datos y las operaciones, lo que lleva a una mejor preparación y respuesta. Este marco guía a los responsables políticos en el desarrollo de estrategias adaptativas basadas en datos para las emergencias sanitarias mundiales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Manejo de desastres
- Inteligencia artificial
Sus antecedentes:
- Las catástrofes mundiales son cada vez más frecuentes y severas.
- El intercambio eficaz de información y la toma de decisiones son cruciales para la respuesta a los desastres.
- El estudio se centra en el papel de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en la gobernanza de desastres centrada en la salud.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Explorar las aplicaciones actuales y potenciales de la IA en la gestión de desastres, específicamente en salud.
- Proporcionar ideas prácticas para las políticas nacionales e internacionales de gestión de desastres.
- Ofrecer un marco estructurado para la integración de la IA en la gestión de desastres.
Principales métodos:
- Se empleó una metodología de revisión de alcance.
- Se realizaron búsquedas sistemáticas de literatura en PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science (2000-2024).
- Las palabras clave incluían inteligencia artificial, gestión de desastres, gobernabilidad y salud.
Principales resultados:
- La IA mejora las funciones de gobierno, mejorando la política, la legitimidad y la resiliencia del sistema de salud.
- La IA fortalece las estrategias basadas en la información a través de datos en tiempo real, análisis predictivos y modelado.
- La IA mejora los procesos operativos en logística, comunicación y gestión de redes sociales, aumentando la capacidad de preparación y respuesta.
Conclusiones:
- La integración de la IA en la gobernanza de desastres, en particular para la salud, ofrece un marco estructurado.
- La IA mejora la toma de decisiones, la resiliencia del sistema y las respuestas coordinadas y equitativas a los desastres.
- Los hallazgos guían a los responsables políticos y a los profesionales de la salud en el desarrollo de estrategias adaptativas basadas en datos para el riesgo de desastres.
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