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Co-diseño de la Intervención de la Dieta y la Actividad del Sur de Asia (SADAI): Proceso y Resultados

Sherly Parackal¹, Sivamanoj Yadav², Rachel Brown³

¹Senior Research Fellow, Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Public health nutrition

|August 27, 2025

Resumen

Se desarrolló una intervención co-diseñada utilizando investigación de acción participativa para los inmigrantes del sur de Asia en Nueva Zelanda para abordar las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) relacionadas con la dieta. La intervención utilizó formatos culturalmente relevantes como los cómics y los videos, lo que resultó factible para esta diáspora.

Área de la Ciencia:

Salud pública
Ciencias de la nutrición
Intervenciones comunitarias en materia de salud

Sus antecedentes:

Los asiáticos del sur (SA) en Nueva Zelanda enfrentan un alto riesgo de enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) relacionadas con la dieta.
Los cambios en la dieta después de la migración están influenciados por varios factores, incluidas las preferencias de los niños y las limitaciones de tiempo.
La percepción de que la comida casera es inherentemente saludable puede enmascarar los riesgos para la salud a largo plazo.

Objetivo del estudio:

Co-diseñar y co-producir una intervención culturalmente adaptada para los inmigrantes de Sudáfrica en Nueva Zelanda.
Identificar los factores que influyen en los hábitos alimenticios después de la migración.
Determinar los formatos de intervención preferidos y las modalidades de ejecución.

Principales métodos:

El enfoque de la investigación por acción participativa (PAR, por sus siglas en inglés).
Realizó 10 entrevistas y un taller de diseño conjunto con inmigrantes de Sudáfrica y partes interesadas de la comunidad en Auckland y Dunedin.
Análisis temático de datos cualitativos para el diseño de las intervenciones.

Principales resultados:

Identificó las preferencias alimenticias de los niños y las limitaciones de tiempo como barreras para una alimentación saludable.
Se encontró que los formatos digitales como los cómics y los videos eran preferidos para la entrega de la intervención.
Los componentes de intervención coproducidos incluyeron 11 cómics, 8 videos, 12 clips de audio y 18 fragmentos científicos en seis módulos.

Conclusiones:

Un enfoque participativo es factible para desarrollar intervenciones de estilo de vida adaptadas a la cultura.
La intervención diseñada conjuntamente aborda efectivamente los riesgos de las ENT derivados de la dieta dentro de la diáspora australiana en Nueva Zelanda.
La participación comunitaria es crucial para el desarrollo y la aplicación exitosos de las intervenciones.

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