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Carcinogenicidad de los metales pesados: una revisión de las pruebas observacionales y experimentales

Julian Bailey¹, Shelly McFarlane², Icolyn Amarakoon³

¹Caribbean Centre for Research in Bioscience, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica.

Frontiers in oncology

|August 27, 2025

Resumen

Esta revisión examina la relación entre la exposición al cadmio y al arsénico y el cáncer, encontrando métodos comunes pero una falta de investigación sobre la ubicación geográfica

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias del medio ambiente
Toxicología
En el campo de la oncología

Sus antecedentes:

Los metales pesados como el cadmio y el arsénico son contaminantes ambientales tóxicos.
Los estudios indican una correlación entre la exposición al cadmio y al arsénico y el riesgo de cáncer.
La ubicación geográfica puede influir en este riesgo, pero requiere más investigación.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar las metodologías para evaluar el riesgo de cáncer por exposición al cadmio y al arsénico.
Explorar el impacto de la ubicación geográfica en la carcinogénesis inducida por el cadmio y el arsénico.
Identificar las lagunas de conocimiento en la investigación actual.

Principales métodos:

Búsqueda completa de literatura hasta diciembre de 2024 en PubMed y EBSCO.
Los términos MeSH utilizados son: "metales pesados", "cadmio", "arsenico", "carcinogénesis", "malignidad" y "toxicidad".
Se incluyeron estudios centrados en la exposición a metales pesados, la carcinogénesis y los factores geográficos.

Principales resultados:

Numerosos estudios investigan la exposición a los metales pesados y el riesgo de cáncer.
Las metodologías de evaluación de riesgos son en gran medida coherentes en todos los estudios.
Existe una brecha significativa en la investigación sobre la influencia de la ubicación geográfica en el riesgo de carcinogénesis.

Conclusiones:

La investigación actual sobre la carcinogénesis inducida por el cadmio y el arsénico es extensa.
Se emplean metodologías estandarizadas para la evaluación de riesgos.
La investigación adicional es crucial para comprender el papel de la ubicación geográfica en la carcinogénesis de los metales pesados.

Palabras clave:

el arsénico el cadmio Carcinogénesis cáncer de cuello uterino Cáncer colorrectal Toxinas del medio ambiente metales pesados Cáncer de próstata

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