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El formato "sandwich de la verdad" no mejora la corrección de la información errónea
Briony Swire-Thompson1, Lucy Butler1, David N Rapp2
1Department of Psychology, Network Science Institute, Department of Political Science, Northeastern University.
Journal of educational psychology
|August 27, 2025
Resumen
El método del sándwich de la verdad no es más efectivo que otros formatos de corrección de desinformación. Las correcciones claras y factuales funcionan bien independientemente de su ubicación, desacreditando la necesidad de formatos específicos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología
- Estudios de comunicación
- Comunicación sobre la salud
Sus antecedentes:
- El formato de corrección de sándwich de la verdad a menudo se recomienda para combatir la desinformación.
- La evidencia empírica que respalda sus beneficios mejorados sigue siendo limitada.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para evaluar la eficacia del formato de corrección de la verdad en sándwich en comparación con un formato de refutación con carga inferior.
- Evaluar la eficacia de la corrección inmediatamente y después de dos semanas de retraso.
Principales métodos:
- Se llevaron a cabo dos experimentos pre-registrados (N=1046).
- Los participantes calificaron la creencia en la información errónea sobre el cáncer, recibieron correcciones (sándwich de verdad, cargado en el fondo o ninguno) y recalificaron la creencia.
- El experimento 2 incluyó un retraso de dos semanas.
Principales resultados:
- Ambos formatos de corrección fueron efectivos para reducir la creencia en la información errónea.
- No se encontró ninguna diferencia significativa en la eficacia entre el sándwich de la verdad y los formatos con carga inferior.
- Esto fue cierto inmediatamente, después de un retraso, y para los subgrupos que respaldan la medicina alternativa.
Conclusiones:
- Las correcciones claras y detalladas son efectivas contra la desinformación, independientemente de su formato.
- La superioridad del formato de sándwich de la verdad sobre las alternativas más simples no está respaldada por evidencia.
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