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Enfermedades respiratorias y microbiota intestinal: una revisión actualizada

Xin Yu¹, Xiao Yu², Yubo Wang³

¹Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology

|August 27, 2025

Resumen

La microbiota intestinal influye en la salud pulmonar a través del eje intestino-pulmonar. La disbiosis intestinal está relacionada con enfermedades respiratorias, pero restaurar el equilibrio microbiano ofrece un potencial terapéutico.

Área de la Ciencia:

Microbiología
Inmunología
Pulmonología

Sus antecedentes:

La microbiota intestinal es crucial para la salud inmune y metabólica.
El eje intestino-pulmonar describe la vía de comunicación intestino-pulmonar.
Los microbios intestinales afectan la inmunidad pulmonar y el metabolismo a través de mediadores y metabolitos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar el papel de la microbiota intestinal en las enfermedades respiratorias.
Explorar el potencial terapéutico de dirigirse a la microbiota intestinal.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la literatura de los estudios multi-ómicos.
Síntesis de los conocimientos actuales sobre los mecanismos del eje intestino-pulmonar.
Evaluación de las estrategias terapéuticas

Principales resultados:

La disbiosis intestinal está asociada con varias afecciones respiratorias como el asma, la EPOC y el COVID-19.
Los mecanismos incluyen mediadores inmunes, metabolitos (por ejemplo, SCFA) y translocación microbiana.
Quedan importantes lagunas de conocimiento en la comprensión completa del eje intestino-pulmonar.

Conclusiones:

La modulación de la microbiota intestinal, a través de la dieta o los probióticos, muestra una promesa terapéutica para las enfermedades respiratorias.
El restablecimiento de la homeostasis microbiana es clave para las nuevas estrategias de prevención y tratamiento.
Se necesita más investigación para delinear completamente las vías del eje intestino-pulmonar.

Palabras clave:

Fibras alimenticias trasplante de microbiota fecal La microbiota intestinal Eje intestino-pulmón Los postbióticos Probióticos Enfermedades respiratorias Ácidos grasos de cadena corta

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