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El sueño y la neurodegeneración: el examen de los mecanismos fisiológicos potenciales

Brice V McConnell^1,2, Yulin Deng³, Brendan P Lucey^3,4,5

¹Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO.

Current sleep medicine reports

|August 27, 2025

Resumen

Los trastornos del sueño aumentan el riesgo de enfermedad de Alzheimer a través de varios mecanismos. Dirigirse a estas vías ofrece estrategias potenciales para prevenir o retrasar la progresión de la enfermedad de Alzheimer.

Área de la Ciencia:

La neurociencia
Medicina del sueño
Enfermedades neurodegenerativas

Sus antecedentes:

La relación entre el sueño y las enfermedades neurodegenerativas, en particular la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA), es compleja y bidireccional.
La comprensión de los mecanismos subyacentes es crucial para desarrollar intervenciones efectivas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar los posibles mecanismos que vinculan las alteraciones del sueño con la enfermedad de Alzheimer.
Actualizar los mecanismos establecidos e introducir nuevas vías.
Para explorar cómo las interrupciones del sueño afectan los circuitos de memoria en la enfermedad de Alzheimer.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la literatura centrada en el sueño y la enfermedad de Alzheimer.
Análisis de los vínculos mecanicistas propuestos y emergentes.
Examen de los cambios en las oscilaciones EEG del sueño en AD.

Principales resultados:

Los trastornos del sueño pueden aumentar el riesgo de EA a través de múltiples vías.
Los mecanismos incluyen un metabolismo alterado de la proteína beta amiloide y tau.
Los nuevos conocimientos incluyen la fosforilación de tau, el sistema de orexina, los astrocitos y la microglia.
Las perturbaciones en las oscilaciones específicas del EEG del sueño (actividad de ondas lentas, ráfagas theta, husillos del sueño, ondas gamma) están implicadas.

Conclusiones:

Múltiples mecanismos median la relación entre el sueño y la EA.
Los trastornos del sueño representan objetivos terapéuticos potenciales para la prevención o el retraso de la EA.
Las investigaciones adicionales sobre estos mecanismos pueden orientar las estrategias de tratamiento.

Palabras clave:

La enfermedad de Alzheimer Amiloide-beta y sus derivados circuitos neuronales el sueño actividad de ondas lentas el tau

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