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¿Dejar la escuela es una transición saludable a finales de la adolescencia?
1Institute of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany.
Resumen
El bienestar de los adolescentes mejora significativamente después de dejar la escuela, con cambios moderados por la educación, la estructura familiar y el género. Esta transición pone de relieve las posibles presiones relacionadas con la escuela que afectan a la calidad de vida de los adolescentes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología
- Sociología
- Educación
Sus antecedentes:
- El bienestar subjetivo de los adolescentes es crucial para la calidad de vida.
- Los datos longitudinales sobre los cambios en el SWB después de la escolaridad son escasos.
- En este estudio se examinan los turnos de trabajo en torno a la transición escolar en Alemania.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los cambios de SWB en los adolescentes antes y después de dejar la escuela.
- Analizar el impacto del tipo de escuela, el estatus socioeconómico, el género y la estructura familiar en las trayectorias de la SWB.
- Comprenda el papel que desempeña el entorno escolar en el bienestar de los adolescentes.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos longitudinales del Estudio del Panel Educativo Nacional Alemán (desde 2010).
- Modelado de crecimiento aplicado, específicamente un modelo de discontinuidad de varios niveles.
- Se analizaron 19.767 observaciones de 6.599 personas, examinando los efectos de la moderación.
Principales resultados:
- El bienestar subjetivo (SWB) aumentó notablemente después de dejar la escuela y se mantuvo estable.
- El aumento de SWB fue menos pronunciado para los adolescentes en vías de educación superior, de familias nucleares o que se identifican como hombres.
- El BSE previo a la transición fue mayor en estos grupos, lo que condujo a una reducción de las disparidades posteriores a la escolarización.
Conclusiones:
- Las escuelas pueden carecer de recursos para apoyar los desafíos de desarrollo de los adolescentes.
- El entorno escolar, aunque crítico, puede imponer presiones relacionadas con un menor bienestar.
- La transición después de la escuela ofrece oportunidades para mejorar el bienestar de los adolescentes.
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