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Factores de riesgo emergentes para la aspergilosis pulmonar invasiva: una revisión narrativa

Ahmed Elkhapery¹, Mariam Fatima², Ayman O Soubani³

¹Department of Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY 14621, USA.

Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)

|August 27, 2025

Resumen

La aspergilosis pulmonar invasiva (AIP) se observa cada vez más en pacientes no inmunocomprometidos. Los protocolos de reconocimiento y detección tempranos son vitales para mejorar los resultados en estos grupos de riesgo emergentes.

Área de la Ciencia:

Micología
Enfermedades infecciosas
Pulmonología

Sus antecedentes:

Las especies de Aspergillus causan una serie de enfermedades influenciadas por el estado inmunológico.
La aspergilosis pulmonar invasiva (AIP) afecta tradicionalmente a las personas gravemente inmunocomprometidas.
Los factores de riesgo emergentes para IPA incluyen infecciones virales, EPOC, insuficiencia hepática y enfermedades críticas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar la fisiopatología, la incidencia y los factores de riesgo de IPA en pacientes con factores de riesgo emergentes.
Discutir las consideraciones de diagnóstico y tratamiento para IPA en estos grupos de pacientes recientemente reconocidos.
Resaltar la importancia del reconocimiento y la detección tempranos para mejorar los resultados de los pacientes.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la literatura de estudios recientes sobre el IPA.
Análisis de los factores de riesgo emergentes y las presentaciones clínicas.
Síntesis de estrategias diagnósticas y terapéuticas.

Principales resultados:

La IPA se reconoce cada vez más en pacientes sin inmunodeficiencia clásica.
El retraso en el diagnóstico aumenta significativamente la mortalidad en los pacientes afectados.
El cribado sistemático y el alto índice de sospecha son cruciales para el diagnóstico oportuno.

Conclusiones:

La IPA presenta nuevos factores de riesgo más allá de la inmunodeficiencia grave.
Los enfoques proactivos de diagnóstico y detección son esenciales para el manejo de la IPA en diversas poblaciones de pacientes.
El reconocimiento y la gestión mejorados pueden reducir la mortalidad relacionada con el IPA.

Palabras clave:

el diagnóstico Aspergilosis pulmonar invasiva, también conocida como aspergilosis pulmonar gestión Factores de riesgo

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