Intervenciones de cambio de comportamiento para prevenir la enfermedad periodontal en adultos mayores: una revisión de la literatura
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Stephanie Chu1, Chun Hung Chu1, Alice Kit Ying Chan1
1Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 27, 2025
Resumen
La prevención de la enfermedad periodontal en los adultos mayores es crucial para un envejecimiento saludable. Las intervenciones clave incluyen mejorar la higiene bucal, controlar la diabetes y dejar de fumar.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gerontología
- Salud bucal
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- La enfermedad periodontal es un problema de salud oral prevalente que afecta a los adultos mayores.
- El aumento del envejecimiento de la población mundial pone de relieve la necesidad de estrategias eficaces de prevención.
- Los principales factores de riesgo son la falta de higiene bucal, la diabetes incontrolada y el tabaquismo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar las intervenciones de cambio de comportamiento de salud para prevenir la enfermedad periodontal en adultos mayores.
- Identificar estrategias efectivas para mejorar la higiene bucal, el control de la diabetes y el abandono del tabaquismo.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura centrada en las intervenciones de cambio de comportamiento de salud.
- Análisis de estrategias para mejorar la higiene bucal, incluida la educación personalizada y la participación de los cuidadores.
- Examen del impacto de la actividad física en la diabetes y la salud periodontal.
- Revisión de los enfoques multifacéticos para dejar de fumar en adultos mayores.
Principales resultados:
- La educación personalizada en higiene bucal y la capacitación de los cuidadores son efectivas para mejorar la salud bucal.
- La actividad física tiene un impacto positivo en el control glucémico y los parámetros periodontales en individuos diabéticos.
- Los programas integrales para dejar de fumar que combinan intervenciones breves con apoyo intensivo producen éxito a largo plazo.
Conclusiones:
- Las intervenciones de cambio de comportamiento de salud, incluido el refuerzo de la higiene bucal, el manejo de la diabetes y el abandono del tabaquismo, son vitales para prevenir la enfermedad periodontal en adultos mayores.
- Estas medidas no invasivas permiten a los adultos mayores mantener la salud bucal, reducir la carga de enfermedades y promover un envejecimiento saludable.
- Las estrategias adaptadas, la atención integrada y la investigación adicional son esenciales para mejorar los resultados y la equidad en salud.
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