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Moviéndose a medida que envejecemos: Efectos de los programas de actividad física en los adultos mayores - Una
Ruth D Neill1, Louise Bradley1, Roger O'Sullivan1,2
1Institute of Public Health, D08 NH90 Dublin, Ireland.
Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 27, 2025
Resumen
Los programas de actividad física muestran efectos mixtos para los adultos de 70 años o más. Se necesita más investigación para comprender las necesidades específicas de actividad física de este grupo de edad para mejorar la salud y combatir las afecciones relacionadas con el envejecimiento.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gerontología
- Salud pública
- Ciencia del ejercicio
Sus antecedentes:
- Los adultos mayores (mayores de 70 años) se enfrentan a problemas de salud únicos.
- La actividad física es un factor clave para un envejecimiento saludable.
- Evidencia sobre la efectividad de los programas de actividad física para esta síntesis de necesidades demográficas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Realizar una revisión general de los programas de actividad física para adultos de 70 años o más.
- Para sintetizar la evidencia existente sobre los efectos de estas intervenciones.
Principales métodos:
- Las búsquedas completas de la literatura a través de varias bases de datos (MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Biblioteca Cochrane).
- La inclusión de revisiones sistemáticas que contengan ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA).
- Evaluación de la calidad mediante la evaluación de múltiples revisiones sistemáticas-2 (AMSTAR-2) y síntesis de datos siguiendo las directrices de PRISMA.
Principales resultados:
- Se incluyeron diez revisiones sistemáticas, que abarcan 186 artículos de investigación y 22.652 participantes.
- Cuatro revisiones fueron de alta calidad, una de calidad moderada.
- Existe evidencia mixta con respecto a la efectividad de las intervenciones de actividad física para mejorar los resultados en los adultos mayores.
Conclusiones:
- Los hallazgos subrayan el papel fundamental de la actividad física en el mantenimiento y la mejora de la salud de los adultos mayores.
- Se necesita una comprensión más matizada de los requisitos de actividad física para las personas mayores de 70 años.
- Las revisiones futuras deben centrarse en la presentación de informes estandarizados sobre la dosis de la actividad física y los tipos de intervención (por ejemplo, grupo versus individuo).
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