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Ping Xiao¹, Liang Liu¹

¹Green Intelligence Environmental School, Yangtze Normal University, No. 16 Juxian Road, Fuling District, Chongqing 408100, China.

|August 27, 2025

Resumen

La polarización de la concentración tiene un impacto significativo en el rendimiento de la membrana de ósmosis frontal (FO). Este estudio cuantifica cómo la polarización de la concentración interna y externa afecta la presión osmótica, revelando la CP interna

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencia y tecnología de las membranas
Tecnologías de tratamiento de agua
Ingeniería Química

Sus antecedentes:

La polarización de concentración (CP) es un desafío importante en los procesos de membrana de ósmosis frontal (FO), reduciendo la eficiencia operativa.
La evaluación cuantitativa de la PC es crucial para comprender sus efectos perjudiciales en el rendimiento de la FO.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar sistemáticamente el impacto de los diferentes tipos de polarización de concentración en la caída de la presión osmótica en FO.
Analizar la influencia de las características de la solución de extracción (DS) y de la solución de alimentación (FS) en los efectos de la CP.
Para comparar los efectos de la CP en los modos de osmosis retrasada por presión (PRO).

Principales métodos:

Utilizó el coeficiente de transmisión de agua (ηWT) para cuantificar el flujo de agua en relación con el flujo teórico.
Se han investigado diferentes gradientes de concentración entre DS y FS.
Se utilizó FS orgánico y agua desionizada (DI) para el análisis comparativo.
Efectos examinados de las diferentes sales (CaCl2 frente a NaCl) como DS.

Principales resultados:

El coeficiente de transmisión de agua (ηWT) disminuyó con el aumento de los gradientes de concentración.
La proporción de CP interno diluyente (ICP) aumentó, mientras que la proporción de CP externo concentrativo (ECP) disminuyó con diferentes DS en modo FO.
El FS orgánico y las concentraciones más altas de FS exacerbaron los efectos de CP, reduciendo el flujo de agua.
CaCl2 como DS causó una mayor reducción de la eficiencia que el NaCl.
El modo PRO mostró un mayor flujo de agua, pero también una mayor disminución del flujo en comparación con el modo FO.

Conclusiones:

Tanto la ECP como la ICP reducen la presión osmótica, con la ICP ejerciendo una influencia dominante.
El ICP diluido tiene un impacto negativo en la presión osmótica en el modo FO, mientras que el ECP diluido es dominante en el modo PRO.
Comprender y mitigar el CP es esencial para optimizar los procesos FO y PRO.

Palabras clave:

Osmosis hacia adelante Diferencia de presión osmótica flujo de agua coeficiente de transmisión de agua

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