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Transporte de fosfato a través de membranas de intercambio aniónico homogéneas y heterogéneas: un estudio

Kayo Santana-Barros¹, Manuel César Martí-Calatayud¹, Svetlozar Velizarov²

¹IEC Group, Research Institute for Industrial, Radiophysical and Environmental Safety (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, P.O. Box 22012, E-46071 València, Spain.

|August 27, 2025

Resumen

Este estudio compara el transporte de iones fosfato en dos membranas de intercambio aniónico (AMV y HC-A) durante la electrodiálisis. Los resultados revelan comportamientos distintos influenciados por el pH y la agitación, cruciales para optimizar la recuperación de fosfato.

Área de la Ciencia:

La electroquímica
Ciencia de las membranas
Ingeniería ambiental

Sus antecedentes:

La recuperación del fosfato es esencial para la gestión de los recursos y la protección del medio ambiente.
La electrodiálisis (ED) es una tecnología prometedora para la separación y recuperación de iones.
La comprensión de los mecanismos de transporte de iones en las membranas de ED es clave para la optimización del proceso.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar el transporte de iones fosfato a través de membranas de intercambio aniónico homogéneas (AMV) y heterogéneas (HC-A) en electrodiálisis.
Para analizar la influencia del pH y las condiciones hidrodinámicas en el rendimiento de la membrana.
Comparar el comportamiento de las membranas AMV y HC-A en diversas condiciones de funcionamiento.

Principales métodos:

Se emplearon análisis cronopotentiométricos y de tensión-corriente (I-V).
Los experimentos se llevaron a cabo en condiciones estáticas y de agitación a diferentes niveles de pH.
El transporte de iones fosfato fue estudiado en un sistema de electrodiálisis.

Principales resultados:

La membrana AMV mostró transporte simultáneo de H2PO4 y HPO2 a pH neutro/alcalino, a diferencia del HC-A.
El AMV exhibió electroconvección a pH bajo y disociación de agua a pH alto; HC-A mostró electroconvección consistente.
La agitación mejora la densidad de corriente limitante y reduce la resistencia de ambas membranas.
Se observó la formación de amoníaco a pH 7-8 para ambas membranas, aumentando la resistencia.

Conclusiones:

Las membranas AMV y HC-A presentan distintos mecanismos de transporte de fosfato y sensibilidades hidrodinámicas.
El rendimiento de la electrodiálisis se ve afectado significativamente por el pH y las condiciones de agitación.
Estos hallazgos ofrecen ideas para optimizar los procesos de recuperación de fosfato basados en electrodiálisis.

Palabras clave:

electroconvección electrodiálisis Caída del potencial de la membrana Recuperación de nutrientes el fósforo disociación del agua

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