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Perspectivas de los farmacéuticos hospitalarios sobre la notificación de reacciones adversas a los medicamentos en
Javeria Khalid1, Tarilate Temedie-Asogwa1, Marjan Zakeri1,2
1Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 27, 2025
Resumen
Los farmacéuticos hospitalarios en los Estados Unidos y Pakistán muestran conocimientos y actitudes similares hacia la notificación de reacciones adversas a los medicamentos. Sin embargo, las barreras sistémicas obstaculizan más la presentación de informes en los países en desarrollo, lo que requiere intervenciones adaptadas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Farmacovigilancia de las sustancias
- Seguridad de las drogas
- Investigación en servicios de salud
Sus antecedentes:
- Las reacciones adversas al medicamento (RDA) suponen riesgos significativos para la seguridad del paciente y aumentan los costos de atención médica a nivel mundial.
- Los farmacéuticos de los hospitales desempeñan un papel vital en el manejo de los medicamentos y son clave para mejorar los informes de reacciones adversas.
- La subnotificación de las reacciones adversas es un problema crítico, especialmente en los países en desarrollo con sistemas de farmacovigilancia subdesarrollados.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Comparar el conocimiento, las actitudes, las barreras percibidas y los facilitadores de la notificación de ADR entre los farmacéuticos hospitalarios en los Estados Unidos (un país desarrollado) y Pakistán (un país en desarrollo).
Principales métodos:
- Se administró una encuesta transversal utilizando un cuestionario prevalidado a farmacéuticos hospitalarios con al menos un año de experiencia.
- Se utilizó un muestreo de conveniencia para reclutar participantes.
- Se recogieron datos de 151 farmacéuticos (51 de los Estados Unidos, 100 de Pakistán).
Principales resultados:
- No se observaron diferencias significativas en el conocimiento (p=0,193) o las puntuaciones de actitud (p=0,379) entre los farmacéuticos estadounidenses y paquistaníes.
- Las barreras a la notificación de RAL fueron más pronunciadas en Pakistán en comparación con los EE.UU., afectando tanto a nivel individual como sistémico.
- Los facilitadores identificados incluyen aplicaciones de informes móviles, capacitación especializada y herramientas de informes fáciles de usar.
Conclusiones:
- Los farmacéuticos de los países desarrollados y en desarrollo demuestran conocimientos comparables y actitudes positivas hacia la notificación de ADR.
- Las barreras específicas del contexto tienen un impacto significativo en la presentación de informes de RAL, especialmente en entornos con recursos limitados como Pakistán.
- Las intervenciones deben adaptarse a la infraestructura hospitalaria local para mejorar la notificación de REA, especialmente en los países en desarrollo.
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