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Características del perfil de fuerza de las resistencias gravitacionales y neumáticas en ejercicios de tracción y
Manuel Barba-Ruiz1, Juan Ramón Heredia-Elvar1, Adrián Martín-Castellanos1
1AExPH, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas y de la Salud, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, 28691 Madrid, Spain.
Sports (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 27, 2025
Resumen
El entrenamiento de resistencia gravitacional mejora la fuerza máxima más que la resistencia neumática. La resistencia neumática ofrece una fuerza constante, ayudando al control neuromuscular, lo que permite la selección de ejercicios basados en objetivos específicos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Fisiología del ejercicio
- Biomecánica
- Ciencias del deporte
Sus antecedentes:
- El entrenamiento de fuerza es crucial para la salud y el rendimiento.
- Las modalidades comunes de resistencia incluyen pesos libres y poleas.
- Los diferentes tipos de resistencia ofrecen ventajas mecánicas únicas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para comparar la aplicación de fuerza entre la resistencia gravitatoria y la neumática.
- Para analizar las diferencias en la fuerza máxima y media durante los ejercicios de fuerza comunes.
- Informar la selección de la modalidad de resistencia basada en los objetivos de entrenamiento.
Principales métodos:
- Veinte sujetos experimentados realizaron cuatro ejercicios (bench press, lat pulldown, chest fly, single-arm row) con ambos tipos de resistencia.
- El pico y la fuerza media se midieron durante la fase concéntrica utilizando una célula de carga.
- El análisis estadístico incluyó ANOVA unidireccional y pruebas t emparejadas.
Principales resultados:
- La fuerza máxima fue significativamente mayor con la resistencia gravitacional en todos los ejercicios.
- La fuerza media fue mayor con la resistencia gravitacional para el press de banca y el tirón lat.
- No se observaron diferencias significativas en la fuerza media para la mosca torácica y la fila de un solo brazo.
Conclusiones:
- La resistencia gravitacional puede ser superior para mejorar la fuerza máxima.
- La resistencia neumática puede promover una aplicación de fuerza más consistente y un mejor control neuromuscular.
- La elección entre la resistencia gravitatoria y la neumática debe tener en cuenta los objetivos específicos de entrenamiento y los resultados mecánicos deseados.
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