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Teoría cognitiva social y actividad física: examinando los patrones de predicción basados en el género y la validez
Viktoria Sophie Egele1, Robin Stark1
1Department of Education, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
Sports (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 27, 2025
Resumen
La Teoría Cognitiva Social (SCT) predice efectivamente la actividad física tanto para hombres como para mujeres. Sin embargo, las vías y mecanismos específicos que influyen en el comportamiento pueden diferir según el género, lo que requiere intervenciones personalizadas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias del comportamiento
- Psicología de la salud
- Ciencia del ejercicio
Sus antecedentes:
- La Teoría Cognitiva Social (SCT) es un marco líder para comprender los comportamientos de salud.
- Las investigaciones anteriores no han aclarado completamente las aplicaciones específicas de género de SCT en la predicción de la actividad física.
- Comprender estos matices es crucial para desarrollar intervenciones de salud efectivas y específicas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las diferencias específicas de género en el poder predictivo de la SCT para la actividad física.
- Evaluar la sostenibilidad de las hipótesis teóricas de SCT en las poblaciones masculinas y femeninas.
- Identificar las variaciones potenciales en la interacción de los factores sociales y cognitivos que influyen en la actividad física según el género.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizó un modelo de ecuación estructural multigrupo (SEM).
- Datos recogidos de 654 participantes (58,1% mujeres) a través de dos cuestionarios validados.
- Las variables cognitivas sociales, demográficas y de actividad física se evaluaron en puntos de tiempo separados.
Principales resultados:
- El modelo SCT demostró una adecuación satisfactoria para ambos géneros, lo que confirma su aplicabilidad general.
- Si bien la variación global explicada fue pequeña (mujeres: 11,9%, hombres: 7,3%), las suposiciones de SCT se mantuvieron correctas.
- Se observaron diferencias significativas específicas de género en la importancia de las vías teóricas y los mecanismos subyacentes.
Conclusiones:
- SCT es un marco recomendado para explicar y predecir el comportamiento de la actividad física entre los géneros.
- Las intervenciones y explicaciones de la actividad física deben tener en cuenta las variaciones específicas de género en las relaciones teóricas de la SCT.
- Las investigaciones adicionales sobre estas diferencias de género pueden optimizar las estrategias de salud pública.
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