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Exposición a aflatoxinas en pacientes inmunocomprometidos: estado actual y perspectivas futuras

Temitope R Fagbohun¹, Queenta Ngum Nji¹, Viola O Okechukwu²

¹Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg 2094, South Africa.

|August 27, 2025

Resumen

Las aflatoxinas (AF) son subproductos tóxicos de moho que se encuentran en los alimentos básicos, que representan riesgos para la salud, especialmente para las personas inmunocomprometidas. La investigación y las intervenciones específicas son cruciales para controlar y mitigar la exposición de las poblaciones vulnerables.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias de los alimentos y toxicología
Salud pública y epidemiología
Micotoxicología

Sus antecedentes:

Las aflatoxinas (AF) son micotoxinas potentes producidas por las especies de Aspergillus, que representan riesgos significativos para la salud pública.
La aflatoxina B1 (AFB1) es un carcinógeno conocido relacionado con el cáncer de hígado y la inmunosupresión.
Los factores ambientales y el almacenamiento inadecuado promueven la contaminación por AF en alimentos básicos como el maíz y el maní.

Objetivo del estudio:

Proporcionar una visión general actualizada de la exposición a aflatoxinas en poblaciones inmunocomprometidas.
Resaltar las vías de exposición, los biomarcadores y las estrategias de biomonitoreo para la FA.
Hacer hincapié en la necesidad de intervenciones específicas y marcos políticos para los grupos vulnerables.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la literatura de los estudios existentes sobre la exposición a las aflatoxinas.
Análisis de los biomarcadores actuales de la exposición humana a la FA.
Identificación de las lagunas de investigación y políticas en las regiones de alto riesgo.

Principales resultados:

Individuos con inmunodeficiencia (cáncer, hepatitis, diabetes, etc.) se enfrentan a mayores riesgos de exposición a la FA.
Los biomarcadores como los complejos de aflatoxina y albúmina son valiosos pero subutilizados en entornos con recursos limitados.
Existen investigaciones limitadas sobre el monitoreo de la exposición a la FA, particularmente en poblaciones vulnerables.

Conclusiones:

Los estudios y las intervenciones dirigidas son esenciales para abordar los riesgos de FA en individuos inmunocomprometidos.
Se necesitan diagnósticos avanzados y el desarrollo de políticas para mitigar las cargas sanitarias.
La reducción de los problemas de salud relacionados con la FA requiere un enfoque en la seguridad alimentaria y las estrategias de salud pública en áreas de alto riesgo.

Palabras clave:

Biomarcadores de las aflatoxinas Las aflatoxinas Métodos de detección Vía de exposición pacientes inmunocomprometidos

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