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Un enfoque basado en la disrupción social para la gobernanza de la IA: complementando el enfoque basado en el riesgo

Samuela Marchiori¹, Jeroen K G Hopster², Anna Puzio³

¹Department of Values, Technology and Innovation, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands. s.marchiori@tudelft.nl.

Science and engineering ethics

|August 27, 2025

Resumen

La gobernanza adecuada de la IA requiere más que una evaluación de riesgos. Un enfoque basado en la disrupción social, que complementa la Ley de IA, aborda los impactos sociales y éticos más amplios de la IA para una mejor regulación.

Área de la Ciencia:

Sistemas socio-técnicos
La gobernanza de la IA
Reglamento jurídico

Sus antecedentes:

La Ley de IA de la Unión Europea emplea un enfoque basado en el riesgo para regular los sistemas de IA.
Es posible que los marcos de gobernanza de la IA existentes no capturen completamente las implicaciones socio-técnicas más amplias de la IA.
Las preocupaciones sociales y éticas surgen del potencial disruptivo de la IA más allá del riesgo legal.

Objetivo del estudio:

Proponer un enfoque "basado en la disrupción social" para la gobernanza de la IA.
Complementar el marco basado en el riesgo de la Ley de IA con un enfoque en el impacto social.
Mejorar la gobernanza de la IA y otras tecnologías socialmente disruptivas.

Principales métodos:

Análisis del enfoque basado en el riesgo de la Ley de IA.
Conceptualización de un marco de gobernanza basado en la disrupción social.
Integración de las consideraciones legales, éticas y de la práctica humana.

Principales resultados:

Un enfoque dual que combina evaluaciones basadas en el riesgo y la disrupción social ofrece una comprensión más matizada del impacto social de la IA.
La disrupción social pone de relieve los impactos que no pueden abordarse fácilmente con la regulación legal por sí sola.
Este enfoque integrado puede mejorar la gobernanza de los sistemas de IA.

Conclusiones:

La gobernanza efectiva de la IA requiere abordar tanto los riesgos legales como las interrupciones sociales más amplias.
La integración de una lente de disrupción social mejora la exhaustividad de la regulación de la IA.
Este marco apoya la gobernanza adaptativa en un entorno socio-técnico dinámico.

Palabras clave:

Acto de inteligencia artificial Inteligencia artificial (IA)Gobernanza de las empresas Investigación e innovación responsables (IRR)Las perturbaciones sociales Tecnologías socialmente disruptivas

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