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Impactos de la construcción de la presa hidroeléctrica en cascada en la vegetación ribereña en la cuenca del río

Yacun Yang¹, Yingjun Xu¹, Nan Wang¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.

Environmental monitoring and assessment

|August 27, 2025

Resumen

La construcción de la presa hidroeléctrica en cascada en la cuenca del río Yalong impulsó significativamente el crecimiento de la vegetación ribereña. Las operaciones de la presa alteraron el clima local, mejorando las condiciones para la vegetación, y el desarrollo de la energía hidroeléctrica se identificó como el principal impulsor de estos cambios positivos.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias del medio ambiente
Hidrología
Ecología

Sus antecedentes:

La cuenca del río Yalong es una barrera ecológica vital en la parte superior del río Yangtze.
El desarrollo de la energía hidroeléctrica es fundamental para la estrategia de China de "transmisión de energía de oeste a este".

Objetivo del estudio:

Cuantificar los impactos de la construcción de represas hidroeléctricas en cascada en la dinámica de la vegetación ribereña.
Para analizar la relación entre los cambios de RV y los factores climáticos (precipitación, humedad del suelo, temperatura, VPD).

Principales métodos:

Se han utilizado datos de teledetección y meteorológicos de múltiples fuentes (2000-2022).
Análisis de correlación parcial integrado, modelado de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) y modelos lineales generalizados (GLM).

Principales resultados:

La vegetación ribereña mostró una tendencia creciente significativa después de la construcción de CHD (el NDVI promedio aumentó en 0.0007 año-1).
Las operaciones de la presa crearon efectos microclimáticos: aumento de la precipitación, mayor humedad del suelo y reducción de la temperatura / VPD, favoreciendo el crecimiento de la vegetación.
SEM confirmó el desarrollo de la energía hidroeléctrica como el principal impulsor de los cambios en la vegetación, con factores climáticos que ejercen influencias indirectas.

Conclusiones:

El desarrollo de la energía hidroeléctrica mejora significativamente la vegetación ribereña en la cuenca del río Yalong.
El monitoreo ecológico a largo plazo y la gestión adaptativa son cruciales para la salud sostenible de los ecosistemas y para mitigar los posibles impactos negativos.

Palabras clave:

Construcción de represas hidroeléctricas en cascada El microclima Ecología de la vegetación ribereña Cuenca del río Yalong

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