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Efectos perjudiciales de la hipoxia en la función cognitiva: adaptaciones, desafíos y resiliencia en las poblaciones
Esteban Ortiz-Prado1, María Salome Reascos2, Danna Fiorela Núñez2
1One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador. e.ortizprado@gmail.com.
Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities
|August 27, 2025
Resumen
La hipoxia y la desnutrición a gran altitud tienen un impacto negativo en el desarrollo cognitivo de las poblaciones andinas. Se necesita más investigación para comprender estos desafíos y desarrollar intervenciones efectivas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Fisiología humana
- La neurociencia
- Ciencias de la nutrición
Sus antecedentes:
- Las poblaciones andinas que residen por encima de 2.500 m enfrentan estrés fisiológico por hipoxia y desafíos sociodemográficos como la pobreza y la desnutrición.
- La alta demanda de oxígeno del cerebro lo hace vulnerable a la hipoxia, deteriorando las funciones cognitivas como la memoria y la atención.
- La desnutrición, particularmente la disponibilidad limitada de nutrientes, exacerba los déficits cognitivos en las personas que viven a gran altitud.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Explorar la compleja interacción entre la hipoxia, la nutrición y el desarrollo cognitivo en las poblaciones andinas de gran altitud.
- Discutir los hallazgos actuales y proponer direcciones de investigación futuras.
- Comparar las estrategias de adaptación entre las poblaciones de las tierras altas.
Principales métodos:
- Esta perspectiva revisa la literatura existente y los resultados de la investigación.
- Analiza los factores fisiológicos y nutricionales que afectan la salud cognitiva.
- Se analiza el análisis comparativo de las estrategias de adaptación entre las diferentes poblaciones de las tierras altas.
Principales resultados:
- La hipoxia y la desnutrición perjudican sinérgicamente el desarrollo cognitivo de los niños en altitudes elevadas.
- La hipoxia prolongada puede causar cambios estructurales en el cerebro y afectar la regulación cerebrovascular.
- Las poblaciones andinas muestran adaptaciones fisiológicas, pero éstas pueden no contrarrestar completamente los factores estresantes ambientales y nutricionales.
Conclusiones:
- La combinación de hipoxia a gran altitud y deficiencias nutricionales plantea desafíos significativos para la salud cognitiva en las poblaciones andinas.
- Los enfoques culturalmente contextualizados e interdisciplinarios son cruciales para las futuras investigaciones e intervenciones.
- La comprensión de estos desafíos multifacéticos requiere una investigación continua sobre las estrategias de adaptación y su eficacia.
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