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Torones fotónicos con transiciones de topología 3D y monopolos de espín sintonizables

Haijun Wu^1,2,3, Nilo Mata-Cervera², Haiwen Wang⁴

¹Harbin University of Science and Technology, Wang Da-Heng Center, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Quantum Control, Harbin 150080, China.

Physical review letters

|August 27, 2025

Resumen

Los investigadores crearon torones fotónicos, nuevas estructuras topológicas en 3D, utilizando luz estructurada por vectores. Este avance permite transiciones de fase topológicas sintonizables y abre nuevas vías para las interacciones de la materia ligera y la informática topológica.

Área de la Ciencia:

La fotónica
Física topológica
Ciencias de la información

Sus antecedentes:

Los defectos topológicos y las texturas son vitales en la física y la ciencia de la información.
Los torones, estructuras quirales en 3D con características esquimiónicas y monopólicas, se limitaban anteriormente a los cristales líquidos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Construir y estudiar los torones utilizando el espín fotónico de la luz estructurada por vectores.
Para demostrar las transiciones de fase topológicas entre varios estados topológicos 3D.

Principales métodos:

Generación de torones utilizando luz estructurada por vectores.
Observación y análisis de las transiciones de fase topológicas.
Ajuste de la quiralidad del tóron y la helicidad del monopolio.

Principales resultados:

Construcción exitosa de los torones fotónicos.
Demostración de las transiciones de fase a los hopfiones, los skyrmionios y los pares de monopolos.
Ajuste controlable de la quiralidad del torón y la helicidad del monopolio.

Conclusiones:

Los torones fotónicos proporcionan una nueva plataforma para la investigación física fundamental.
Este trabajo avanza en el estudio de las interacciones luz-materia y la informática topológica.

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