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Heat Flow and Specific Heat01:12

Heat Flow and Specific Heat

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Heat is a type of energy transfer that is caused by a temperature difference, and it can change the temperature of an object. Since heat is a form of energy, its SI unit is the joule (J). Another common unit of energy often used for heat is the calorie (cal), which is defined as the energy needed to change the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 °C, specifically between 14.5 °C and 15.5 °C, since the energy needed shows a slight temperature dependence. Another commonly used unit is...
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Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas II01:23

Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas II

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For a system that undergoes a thermodynamic process at a constant volume condition, the heat absorbed is used only to increase the system's internal energy and not for doing any kind of work. While for a system undergoing a thermodynamic process under a constant pressure condition, the amount of heat absorbed is used not only for increasing the internal energy (as a function of temperature) but also for doing some work. The molar heat capacity is the amount of heat required to increase the...
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Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas I01:14

Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas I

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Heat capacity is the ratio of heat absorbed by the substance corresponding to its temperature change. It is also called thermal capacity and the SI unit of heat capacity is J/K. Whereas, specific heat capacity is defined as the amount of heat necessary to change the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 K and is also called massic heat capacity. Its SI unit is J/kg⋅K.
Molar heat capacity quantifies the ratio of the amount of heat added (or removed) to increase (or decrease) the...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I

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Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
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Mechanism of heat transfer01:19

Mechanism of heat transfer

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Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
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Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas III01:25

Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas III

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The number of independent ways a gas molecule can move along straight line, rotate, and vibrate is called its degrees of freedom. Supposing d represents the number of degrees of freedom of an ideal gas, the molar heat capacity at constant volume of an ideal gas in terms of d is
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Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials
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Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials

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Invariante de difusión térmica

Liujun Xu1, Pengfei Zhuang2, Fubao Yang1

  • 1Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100193, China.

Physical review letters
|August 27, 2025
PubMed
Resumen

Los investigadores desarrollaron un invariante de difusión de calor para clasificar las estructuras térmicas, lo que permite el diseño preciso de metamateriales térmicos transitorios para aplicaciones en gestión térmica y diseño de metamateriales.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La física
  • Ciencias de los materiales
  • La termodinámica

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los invariantes topológicos se establecen para clasificar las características geométricas en sistemas electrónicos, fotónicos y fonónicos.
  • Actualmente no existe un invariante unificado para clasificar las propiedades funcionales de las estructuras térmicas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Formulación de un nuevo invariante de difusión de calor para estructuras térmicas.
  • Establecer una correlación entre la funcionalidad térmica y la difusividad.
  • Para permitir el diseño de metamateriales térmicos avanzados.

Principales métodos:

  • Formulación de un invariante de difusión de calor.
  • Verificación experimental mediante una capa térmica transitorio de forma libre.
  • Exploración de aplicaciones en la convección térmica y la radiación.

Principales resultados:

  • El invariante de difusión de calor correlaciona explícitamente la funcionalidad térmica con la difusividad.
  • Se establece un marco unificado para diversos metamateriales térmicos.
  • El invariante facilita el diseño de metamateriales térmicos transitorios de forma libre con conductividad térmica isotrópica.

Conclusiones:

  • El invariante de difusión de calor proporciona un nuevo paradigma para el diseño de metamateriales térmicos.
  • Este invariante es aplicable a la ocultación térmica, la ilusión, la convección y la radiación.
  • Los hallazgos abren nuevas vías para la gestión térmica y los estudios de transporte de no equilibrio.