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Inexactitudes de interpretación en la comunicación del dolor entre pacientes hmong y médicos en los Estados Unidos:
Binh Ta1, Mai Nhia Yang2, Alice Hu2
1Monash University, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Australia.
Social science & medicine (1982)
|August 27, 2025
Resumen
Los intérpretes a menudo comunican mal el dolor de los pacientes hmong resumiendo historias y perdiendo señales vocales. Esto tiene un impacto en el manejo del dolor y la empatía del clínico, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad de capacitación de intérpretes sobre los matices de la comunicación cultural.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Comunicación médica
- Antropología lingüística
- La sociolingüística
Sus antecedentes:
- La comunicación efectiva entre el paciente y el proveedor es crucial para el manejo del dolor.
- Los pacientes con dominio limitado del inglés enfrentan desafíos en la comunicación del dolor debido a la dependencia de intérpretes.
- Investigaciones previas indican que estos pacientes tienen peores resultados en el manejo del dolor.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Explorar las características interactivas de la comunicación del dolor que conducen a inexactitudes de interpretación.
- Para analizar las consultas que involucran a pacientes Hmong, intérpretes y médicos.
- Identificar los desafíos específicos de comunicación que afectan la evaluación y el manejo del dolor.
Principales métodos:
- Un enfoque basado en el análisis de conversaciones.
- Análisis de las grabaciones de audio de 27 consultas triádicas de atención primaria.
- La inclusión de 27 pacientes Hmong, 4 intérpretes y 20 médicos.
Principales resultados:
- La expresión del dolor de los pacientes hmong a través de la narración condujo al resumen y la omisión por parte de los intérpretes.
- Las características vocales (elongación, intensidad, repetición) utilizadas por los pacientes para transmitir la gravedad del dolor y la emoción a menudo se interpretaron de manera inexacta.
- Las inexactitudes de interpretación dieron lugar a oportunidades perdidas para que los médicos mostraran empatía y abordaran las preocupaciones de los pacientes.
Conclusiones:
- Los desafíos de los intérpretes para transmitir con precisión las narrativas de dolor y las expresiones vocales de los pacientes hmong contribuyen al manejo subóptimo del dolor.
- La capacitación del intérprete es esencial para abordar la construcción contextual de las historias de dolor y los significados matizados de las características vocales.
- Mejorar las habilidades del intérprete puede mejorar la comunicación entre el paciente y el proveedor, la empatía y el cuidado del dolor para las poblaciones con dominio limitado del inglés.
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