Efecto del uso de aspirina en la incidencia y la mortalidad por cáncer: una revisión sistemática actualizada y un metanálisis
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Fausto Petrelli1, Antonio Ghidini2, Maria Antista3
1Oncology Unit, ASST Bergamo Ovest, Treviglio, BG, Italy.
Public health
|August 27, 2025
Resumen
El uso regular de aspirina puede reducir la incidencia y la mortalidad por cáncer, especialmente por cáncer colorrectal y de hígado. Se necesita más investigación para determinar la dosis y la duración óptimas para las estrategias de prevención del cáncer.
Área de la Ciencia:
- En el campo de la oncología
- La medicina preventiva
- Farmacología
Sus antecedentes:
- La aspirina es ampliamente utilizada para la prevención cardiovascular.
- La evidencia emergente sugiere propiedades anticancerígenas potenciales.
- El papel preciso de la aspirina en la prevención del cáncer requiere más aclaraciones.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar la asociación entre el uso de aspirina y la incidencia de cáncer.
- Evaluar el impacto de la aspirina en la mortalidad por cáncer.
- Para aclarar el papel potencial de la aspirina en la prevención del cáncer.
Principales métodos:
- Metaanálisis de estudios observacionales y ensayos controlados aleatorios.
- Búsqueda sistemática de la literatura en las principales bases de datos (PubMed, Embase, Biblioteca Cochrane) hasta abril de 2024.
- Análisis combinado de los ratios de riesgo (RR) utilizando un modelo de efectos aleatorios.
Principales resultados:
- El uso de aspirina se asoció con una menor incidencia de cáncer.
- El uso de aspirina se relacionó con una menor mortalidad por cáncer.
- El efecto protector se observó especialmente en el cáncer colorrectal y hepático.
Conclusiones:
- Los hallazgos del metanálisis apoyan el potencial de la aspirina para reducir la incidencia y la mortalidad por cáncer.
- Los cánceres colorrectales y hepáticos mostraron un beneficio notable del uso de aspirina.
- La investigación futura debe centrarse en la dosis óptima de aspirina, la duración y los mecanismos subyacentes para la orientación clínica.
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