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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Conformations of Butane02:20

Conformations of Butane

14.8K
Unlike ethane and propane that have only two major conformations, butane has more than two conformers. The staggered form of butane in which the bulky methyl groups on the two carbons are placed on opposite sides, that is, at a dihedral angle of 180°, is the lowest energy, most stable form — called the anti conformer. This conformation is stabilized due to the absence of steric repulsion between the largely spaced out methyl groups. The other two staggered conformations are...
14.8K
Conformations of Ethane and Propane02:18

Conformations of Ethane and Propane

14.5K
In an organic molecule, free rotation about the carbon-carbon single bond results in energetically different conformers of the molecule. Due to this rotation, called the internal rotation, ethane has two major conformations — staggered and eclipsed.
Staggered conformation is a low energy and more stable conformation with the C-H bonds on the front carbon placed at 60°dihedral angles relative to the C-H bonds on the back carbon, leading to a reduced torsional strain. In staggered...
14.5K
Conformations of Cycloalkanes02:29

Conformations of Cycloalkanes

12.2K
Adolf von Baeyer attempted to explain the instabilities of small and large cycloalkane rings using the concept of angle strain — the strain caused by the deviation of bond angles from the ideal 109.5° tetrahedral value for sp3  hybridized carbons. However, while cyclopropane and cyclobutane are strained, as expected from their highly compressed bond angles, cyclopentane is more strained than predicted, and cyclohexane is virtually strain-free. Hence, Baeyer’s theory that...
12.2K
¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution00:52

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution

915
At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...
915
¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR01:15

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR

1.2K
The axial and equatorial protons in cyclohexane can be distinguished by performing a variable-temperature NMR experiment. In this process, except for one proton, the remaining eleven protons are replaced by deuterium. The deuterium substitution avoids the possible peak splitting caused by the spin-spin coupling between the adjacent protons. The remaining proton flips between the axial and equatorial positions.
1.2K
Conformations of Cyclohexane02:11

Conformations of Cyclohexane

13.0K
Cyclohexane does not exist in a planar form due to the high angle and torsional strain it would experience in the planar structure. Instead, it adopts non-planar chair and boat conformations.
The chair form is the most stable and derives its name from its resemblance to the “easy chair.” In the chair conformation, two carbon atoms are arranged out-of-plane — one above and one below, minimizing the torsional strain. In the chair form, the bond angle is very close to the ideal...
13.0K

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Methods for Detecting Cough and Airway Inflammation in Mice
04:33

Methods for Detecting Cough and Airway Inflammation in Mice

Published on: August 2, 2024

754

Método de detección de la tos basado en el modelo BiLSTM conforme

Wenlong Xu1, Hangrui Zhang1, Chen Pan1

  • 1College of Information Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.

Biomedical physics & engineering express
|August 27, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Este estudio introduce una red híbrida conformista y bidireccional de memoria a corto plazo (BiLSTM) para la detección precisa del sonido de la tos. El modelo identifica con precisión los eventos de tos, mejorando el análisis de enfermedades respiratorias.

Palabras clave:
Modelo de acondicionamientodetección de la tosaprendizaje profundoconexión residual de atención de múltiples cabezas

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Lingüística computacional
  • Procesamiento de señales biomédicas
  • Aprendizaje automático para la salud

Sus antecedentes:

  • La detección de la tos es crucial para el diagnóstico de enfermedades respiratorias.
  • La segmentación manual del sonido de la tos requiere mucho tiempo y es subjetiva.
  • Los registros de tos en el mundo real presentan desafíos de detección debido a la variabilidad ambiental y del dispositivo.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar un método automatizado y preciso para la detección de eventos sonoros de tos.
  • Mejorar la eficiencia y la objetividad del análisis de la tos.
  • Para abordar las dificultades en la detección de la tos de diversos datos de audio del mundo real.

Principales métodos:

  • Se propuso un modelo híbrido que combina redes de memoria a corto plazo (BiLSTM) conformistas y bidireccionales.
  • El modelo BiLSTM capturó información contextual, mientras que el modelo conformista extrajo características globales utilizando conexiones residuales de atención de múltiples cabezas.
  • El modelo fue entrenado y validado en el conjunto de datos de Vocalsound disponible públicamente, que comprende 500 archivos de audio con 1928 sonidos de tos anotados.

Principales resultados:

  • El modelo híbrido logró una sensibilidad del 97,22% y una especificidad del 97,08% en el conjunto de datos anotados.
  • En una evaluación del conjunto de datos clínicos, el modelo demostró una sensibilidad del 98,45% y una especificidad del 92,7%.
  • Se registró una tasa media de superposición de tiempo del 81,12% en el conjunto de datos clínicos, lo que indica una localización precisa del evento.

Conclusiones:

  • El modelo híbrido conformer-BiLSTM propuesto ofrece una solución robusta y precisa para la detección automática del sonido de la tos.
  • Este enfoque mejora significativamente la eficiencia y la fiabilidad del análisis de la tos en la investigación de enfermedades respiratorias.
  • El alto rendimiento del modelo en conjuntos de datos públicos y clínicos sugiere su potencial para aplicaciones en el mundo real en el cuidado de la salud.