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Diferencias cerebrales específicas por sexo en niños con alto riesgo familiar de esquizofrenia o trastorno bipolar
Kathrine Skak Madsen1, William F C Baaré1, Enedino Hernandez-Torres1
1Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.
Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging
|August 27, 2025
Resumen
Los niños con alto riesgo familiar (FHR) de esquizofrenia (SZ) o trastorno bipolar (BP) muestran diferencias cerebrales específicas del sexo. Los machos en FHR-SZ tenían volúmenes cerebrales más pequeños, mientras que las hembras en FHR-BP tenían volúmenes más grandes en comparación con los controles.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- La psiquiatría
- La genética
Sus antecedentes:
- El alto riesgo familiar (FHR) es el predictor más fuerte para la esquizofrenia (SZ) y el trastorno bipolar (BP).
- Los niños en FHR ofrecen una ventana única para identificar los primeros marcadores cerebrales de vulnerabilidad.
- Las trayectorias de desarrollo cerebral específicas del sexo requieren la investigación de las diferencias sexuales en las poblaciones de FHR.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las diferencias de grupo específicas por sexo en la morfometría cerebral entre niños de 11 a 12 años en FHR-SZ o FHR-BP.
- Identificar posibles marcadores endofenotípicos específicos del sexo para el riesgo de SZ y BP.
- Para resaltar la importancia de considerar el sexo en la investigación psiquiátrica del desarrollo neurológico.
Principales métodos:
- Se incluyeron 278 niños: 101 FHR-SZ, 64 FHR-BP y 113 controles basados en la población (PBC).
- Las imágenes de resonancia magnética estructural se obtuvieron en escáneres 3T.
- Se extrajo el volumen cerebral, el volumen cortical, el área de superficie y el grosor cortical utilizando FreeSurfer.
Principales resultados:
- Se encontraron interacciones significativas de grupo por sexo para el volumen y la superficie cerebral, cortical e intracraneal.
- Los machos en FHR-SZ mostraron volúmenes y superficie cerebrales, corticales e intracraneales más pequeños en comparación con los machos de PBC.
- Las mujeres en FHR-BP exhibieron mayores volúmenes cerebrales y corticales que las mujeres en PBC.
Conclusiones:
- Los niños en FHR-SZ y FHR-BP muestran diferencias morfométricas cerebrales específicas del sexo.
- Estas diferencias pueden representar marcadores endofenotípicos de riesgo específicos del sexo.
- Se necesitan futuros estudios longitudinales para rastrear los cambios neuroanatómicos y su valor predictivo.
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